Sex differences in self-concept revisited

Smith, Ian D.

doi:10.1080/00050067808254305

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…ASSEI also allows for calculation of a total selfesteem score, both unw eighted and w eighted for importance. This is consistent w ith the position adopted by a number of researchers in the area, that an individual ' s global self-esteem should re¯ect that individual ' s self-satisfaction rating in a number of aspects of the self w eighted by the subjective importance of each of these aspects to that individual ' s self-esteem (Hattie, 1992;Marsh, 1988 ;I.D. Smith, 1978 ;Watkins , 19 78).…”

Section: Exploring the Self-conceptsupporting

confidence: 79%

Cultural Dimensions, Gender, and the Nature of Self‐concept: A Fourteen‐country Study

et al. 1998

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Ratings of the importance of and satisfaction with 20 areas of the self were obtained from 3604 first or second year social science undergraduates from 14 countries (15 cultures). Factor analysis at the culture by gender level supported four factors for both sets of ratings. The resulting factor scores were analyzed for mean differences according to the cultural dimension of Individualism‐Collectivism by Gender and by correlations with other cultural dimenions and economic indicators. It was found that participants from the 10 collectivist cultures placed greater salience for their self‐concepts on “family values” than did those from the individualist cultures. However, this cultural difference was not found for “social relationships”. The expected gender differences, with females valuing “family values” and “social relationships” more highly, were found only for the individualist countries. The findings indicate that there may be a strong cultural level interaction effect between gender and Individualism‐Collectivism on the nature of self‐conceptions, and that the “family” and “social” aspects of self‐concept in collectivist countries need to be considered separately.

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Section: Exploring the Self-conceptsupporting

confidence: 79%

Cultural Dimensions, Gender, and the Nature of Self‐concept: A Fourteen‐country Study

et al. 1998

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“…In contrast, Australian research has shown that boys have more favorable self-concepts than girls (Connell et al, 1975;Smith, 1975Smith, , 1978. These studies also suggest that sex differences in self-concept depend upon age (Connell et al, 1975), the particular dimension of self-concept that is being considered, and the selfconcept instrument that is used (Smith, 1975(Smith, , 1978. Although these studies do not provide a good basis for predicting sex differences on the SDQ, several predictions can be made on the basis of prevailing sexual stereotypesboys are expected to have higher self-concepts for Physical Abilities and Mathematics, whereas girls should have higher self-concepts in Reading.…”

Section: Sex and Sample Differencesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Wylie (1968), summarizing primarily American studies, concluded that girls between the ages of 8 and 13 years have more positive self-concepts than boys. In contrast, Australian research has shown that boys have more favorable self-concepts than girls (Connell et al, 1975;Smith, 1975Smith, , 1978. These studies also suggest that sex differences in self-concept depend upon age (Connell et al, 1975), the particular dimension of self-concept that is being considered, and the selfconcept instrument that is used (Smith, 1975(Smith, , 1978.…”

Section: Sex and Sample Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-concept: The construct validity of interpretations based upon the SDQ.

Marsh¹,

Relich²,

Smith³

1983

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Self Cite

218

128

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The Self-Description Questionnaire (SDQ) is a multidimensional instrument designed to measure seven facets of self-concept hypothesized in Shavelson's hierarchical model. The SDQ, along with measures of attributions and academic achievement, was administered to primary school students from two quite diverse populations. Separate factor analyses of responses from the two groups were similar and clearly demonstrated the seven factors that the SDQ is designed to measure. The small correlations among the different dimensions were similar for the two groups and consistent with the hierarchical structure in Shavelson's model. Consistent and predictable correlations were also observed between the different self-concept dimensions and (a) attributions of responsibility for academic outcomes, (b) academic achievement, and (c) the sex of the student. Smaller sex differences were observed for students who attended single-sex classes, suggesting that these students might be using a different reference group in forming their self-concepts. Overall, the findings provide compelling support for Shavelson's model, the construct validity of self-concept, and the validity of interpretations based upon the SDQ.

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“…Australian studies in the 1970s indicated clear gender differences in the salience of facets of self-esteem (Smith, 1978;Watkins, 1978), but a more recent investigation has suggested that such differences may be less pronounced (Langan-Fox, 199 I), perhaps because of changing societal attitudes about the sexes. However, a recent American study found that appearance, intelligence, and accomplishments contributed less to women's overall self-esteem than to men's (Davis-Zinner, 1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Differences in the Source and Level of Self-Esteem of Chinese College Students

Watkins

1993

The Journal of Social Psychology

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This research examined possible gender differences in the source and level of self-esteem of 99 male and 90 female undergraduates from mainland and China. There was little evidence of a gender difference in the level of overall self-esteem, but gender differences were evident in the subjects' ratings of the importance to their self-concept and their self-satisfaction with lower order facets of the self, indicating the necessity for using multidimensional measures of the self and for preserving the self-concept/self-esteem distinction.

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Sex differences in self-concept revisited

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Cultural Dimensions, Gender, and the Nature of Self‐concept: A Fourteen‐country Study

Cultural Dimensions, Gender, and the Nature of Self‐concept: A Fourteen‐country Study

Self-concept: The construct validity of interpretations based upon the SDQ.

Differences in the Source and Level of Self-Esteem of Chinese College Students

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