Sex differences in risk factors for subclinical hypothyroidism

Ha, Jeonghoon; Lee, Jeongmin; Jo, Kwanhoon; Lim, Dong-Jun; Kang, Moo Il; Yun, Bong; Kim, Min-Hee

doi:10.1530/ec-18-0023

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In this review, the pooled odds ratio shows female sex is not the risk of hypothyroidism in MDR-TB patients on the treatment. Although, we could not find previous review study that pooled the effect of female sex on the thyroid hormone, available primary studies shows contradicted results with our review finding in which female sex was not the risk of hypothyroidism in MDR-TB patients on treatment [69,70]. This contradiction occurred most probably due to study population difference and treatment status difference.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Is hypothyroidism rare in multidrug resistance tuberculosis patients on treatment? A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Hypothyroidism is one of the adverse drug reactions that associated with Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) medications. Extremely variable magnitude of hypothyroidism in MDR-TB patients has been reported from different parts of the world. However, there is no evidence that tried to estimate the pooled prevalence of hypothyroidism to confirm the rareness of hypothyroidism in MDR-TB patients on treatment. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of hypothyroidism in MDR-TB patients on treatment, and to summarize the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on studies reported around the world on the prevalence of hypothyroidism in MDR-TB patients on treatment. We searched electronic databases: PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Science Direct, Academic Search Complete and Google scholar for English language articles without limiting publication year. We also reviewed the bibliographies of relevant studies and conducted an electronic search for relevant conference abstracts. Eligible studies were cross-sectional and cohort studies that included at least five participants. We used a random-effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence of hypothyroidism. The registration number of this review study protocol is CRD42018109237. Results We included 30 studies and pooled data on a total of 6,241 MDR-TB patients. The crude prevalence of hypothyroidism was extremely heterogeneous. The pooled prevalence of hypothyroidism in MDR-TB patients on treatment was 17.0% (95% CI: 13.0–20.0). Ethionamide and para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) were the most frequently reported drugs that associated with the occurrence of hypothyroidism. Conclusion This review revealed that hypothyroidism is not a rare adverse drug reaction in MDR-TB patients on treatment. Ethionamide and PAS were the most frequently reported drugs that associated with the occurrence of hypothyroidism. Screening of hypothyroidism in MDR-TB patients on treatment is important while targeting patients on Ethionamide and PAS based treatment regimen.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Is hypothyroidism rare in multidrug resistance tuberculosis patients on treatment? A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Data relating to a prior history of thyroid disease, use of medications that could affect thyroid function, and family history of thyroid disease were collected by interview. Laboratory measurements of the serum TSH, free T4, anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody, and urine iodine levels were obtained using subsampling stratified by sex and age, as previously described [21]. Briefly, TSH, free T4, and anti-TPO antibody levels were measured using an E-TSH kit (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland), an E-Free T4 kit (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland), and an E-Anti-TPO kit (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland), respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Sleep Duration and Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction Based on Nationally Representative Data

Kim

Lee

et al. 2019

JCM

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Sleep duration is an identified risk factor for adverse health outcomes. As the endocrine system is closely intertwined with sleep duration and quality, the association between endocrine dysfunction and sleep has been evaluated. Thyroid function, particularly that related to thyrotropin (TSH), is also known to be influenced by the sleep/awake status and circadian rhythm. Additionally, a link between sleep duration and autoimmunity, which is a common cause of thyroid dysfunction, has been suggested; however, depending on the sleep deprivation method used in studies, the effects of sleep on thyroid function vary. The relationship between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and sleep duration is poorly documented. Thus, to elucidate the impact of sleep on thyroid function, we investigated the association of subclinical thyroid dysfunction with sleep duration using representative data from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 2013 to 2015. Methods: In all, 4945 participants (2543 male and 2402 female) were included after excluding subjects using the following criteria: <19 years of age, free T4 level outside the normal range, history of thyroid disease, or incomplete data. The population was classified into three groups: short sleeper (<7 h/day), normal sleeper (7–8 h/day), and long sleeper (>8 h/day). The odds ratio (OR) for subclinical hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism according to sleep duration was evaluated. Results: The short, normal, and long sleeper groups consisted of 2097, 2514, and 334 subjects, respectively. On multiple logistic regression analysis, compared to normal sleepers, short sleepers showed a significantly increased risk of subclinical hyperthyroidism (OR 1.37, 95% confidential interval (CI) 1.02–1.84, p = 0.036), while the risk of subclinical hypothyroidism in short sleepers was not elevated. Comparing long sleepers to normal sleepers, the OR for subclinical hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism was 1.79 (95% CI 1.12–2.86, p = 0.015) and 1.91 (95% CI 1.03–3.53, p = 0.039), respectively. Conclusions: Both shorter and longer sleep durations were associated with an increase in the risk of subclinical thyroid dysfunction compared to the optimal sleep duration. This analysis of representative population data shows that sleep duration could intertwine with thyroid function resulting in increased risk of subclinical thyroid dysfunction.

show abstract

“…Because of the complex sampling design, a sampling weight method was used to assign the participants as being representative of the Korean population for the analysis of the data. The detailed characteristics of the statistical analysis of the KNHANES have been previously reported [19][20][21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of the measurements and questionnaires were collected by specially trained investigators. Detailed anthropometric measurements were performed according to previous studies [19][20][21]. Height and body weight were measured as part of the health examination for each subject.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of serum free thyroxine and glucose homeostasis: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Lee

Lim

et al. 2021

Korean J Intern Med

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background/Aims: Thyroid hormones are involved in wide range of glucose metabolism functions. Overt thyroid dysfunctions are related to altered glucose homeostasis. However, it is not conclusive as to whether subtle changes in thyroid hormones within normal ranges can induce alterations in glucose homeostasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between thyroid hormone and glucose homeostasis parameters in subjects without overt thyroid dysfunction based on nationwide population data. Methods: In the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015 (n = 7,380), data were collected from subjects with insulin and thyroid function measurements who were older than 19-years-old. After the exclusion of 5,837 subjects, a total of 1,543 patients were included in the analysis. Subjects were categorized into the quartiles of the free thyroxine (FT4). Fasting glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were considered to be glucose homeostasis parameters. Results: Subjects with the highest FT4 quartile showed significantly lower fasting insulin and HbA1c levels. A significant inverse correlation FT4 and HbA1c levels was observed (β =-0.261, p = 0.025). In the logistic regression analysis, the highest quartile of FT4 was demonstrated to lower the risk of HbA1c to a greater degree than the median by approximately 40%, after adjusting for confounders, compared to the lowest quartile (p = 0.028). Conclusions: We demonstrated subjects with a lower FT4 quartile exhibited high risk of HbA1c levels above the median value in a representative Korean population. Subjects with the lowest FT4 quartile should be cautiously managed in terms of altered glucose homeostasis.

show abstract

Sex differences in risk factors for subclinical hypothyroidism

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Is hypothyroidism rare in multidrug resistance tuberculosis patients on treatment? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Is hypothyroidism rare in multidrug resistance tuberculosis patients on treatment? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Association between Sleep Duration and Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction Based on Nationally Representative Data

Association of serum free thyroxine and glucose homeostasis: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About