Sex Differences in Response to Maximal Eccentric Exercise

Sewright, Kimberly; Hubal, Monica J.; Kearns, Amy K.; Holbrook, Mariko T.; Clarkson, Priscilla M.

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31815aedda

Cited by 103 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The main reason for this disagreement may be the different eccentric exercise protocol employed, as in our study knee flexors were exercised in addition to knee extensors. Furthermore, sex-specific differences in walking kinematics (Chumanov et al 2008;Chung and Wang 2010;Kerrigan et al 1998), joint stiffness (Blackburn et al 2004;Gabriel et al 2008), and strength loss response after eccentric exercise (Sewright et al 2008), may also account for the observed discrepancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of muscle damage on walking biomechanics are speed-dependent

et al. 2010

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of muscle damage on walking biomechanics at different speeds. Seventeen young women completed a muscle damage protocol of 5 × 15 maximal eccentric actions of the knee extensors and flexors of both legs at 60°/s. Lower body kinematics and swing-phase kinetics were assessed on a horizontal treadmill pre- and 48 h post-muscle damaging exercise at four walking speeds. Evaluated muscle damage indices included isometric torque, delayed onset muscle soreness, and serum creatine kinase. All muscle damage indices changed significantly after exercise, indicating muscle injury. Kinematic results indicated that post-exercise knee joint was significantly more flexed (31-260%) during stance-phase and knee range of motion was reduced at certain phases of the gait cycle at all speeds. Walking post-exercise at the two lower speeds revealed a more extended knee joint (3.1-3.6%) during the swing-phase, but no differences were found between pre- and post-exercise conditions at the two higher speeds. As speed increased, maximum dorsiflexion angle during stance-phase significantly decreased pre-exercise (5.7-11.8%), but remained unaltered post-exercise across all speeds (p > 0.05). Moreover, post-exercise maximum hip extension decreased (3.6-18.8%), pelvic tilt increased (5.5-10.6%), and tempo-spatial differences were found across all speeds (p < 0.05). Limited effects of muscle damage were observed regarding swing-phase kinetics. In conclusion, walking biomechanics following muscle damage are affected differently at relatively higher walking speeds, especially with respect to knee and ankle joint motion. The importance of speed in evaluating walking biomechanics following muscle damage is highlighted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of muscle damage on walking biomechanics are speed-dependent

et al. 2010

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“…Following lengthening contractions in a large sample of males (n = 98) and females (n = 94), Sayers and Clarkson (2001) reported a disproportionately higher number of females than males demonstrating greater initial force loss. Similarly, Sewright et al (2008) reported that immediate force loss was more prominent in females than males. Thus, it is possible that when tested at heavier isotonic loads (i.e., representing a greater percentage of maximal strength), angular velocity and velocity-dependent power production will be more impaired in females than males.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Peak power is reduced following lengthening contractions despite a maintenance of shortening velocity

Power

Dalton

Rice

et al. 2013

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Following repetitive lengthening contractions, power (the product of torque and velocity) is impaired during shortening contractions. However, the relative contribution of each component to power loss and the underlying factors are unclear. We investigated neuromuscular properties of the dorsiflexors in 8 males (27 ± 3 years) and 8 females (26 ± 4 years) for a potential sex-related difference before, during, and after 150 unaccustomed maximal lengthening actions. Velocity-dependent power was determined from shortening contractions at 8 levels (1 N · m to 70% of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC)) before, after, and throughout recovery assessed at 0-30 min, 24 h, and 48 h. Immediately following task termination, both sexes displayed similar impairments of 30%, 4%, and 10% in MVC torque, shortening velocity, and overall peak power, respectively (P < 0.05). Peak rate of isometric torque development (RTD) was reduced by 10% in males, but females exhibited a 35% reduction (P < 0.05). Rate of torque development for the MVC remained depressed in both sexes throughout the 30 min recovery period; however, the RTD returned to normal by 24 h in males but did not recover by 48 h in females. Power was reduced preferentially at higher loads (i.e., 60% MVC), with a greater loss in females (65%) than males (45%). For lower loads (<20% MVC), power was impaired minimally (4%-8%; P < 0.05) and recovered within 30 min in both groups. The reduction in maximal angular velocity persisted until 30 min of recovery, and peak power did not recover until 24 h for both sexes. Unaccustomed lengthening contractions decreased power preferentially at higher loads, whereas peak power was reduced minimally owing to maintenance of maximal shortening velocity.

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“…Similarly, it was reported that the maximal voluntary contraction torque loss was significantly higher in females compared to males immediately post-exercise [20]. However, the same investigators reported that 60 min after the unaccustomed exercise, no significant difference were observed in torque loss between males and females [20]. It is clear that, when the confounding factor of fatigue was avoided, it can be suggested that a sex difference in torque loss post-exercise induced muscle damage does not exist in the knee extensors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…In the study of Sayers and Clarkson [14], despite the absence of significant differences in muscle damage between men and women, there was a tendency for greater voluntary isometric knee extension torque loss in women compared to men. Similarly, it was reported that the maximal voluntary contraction torque loss was significantly higher in females compared to males immediately post-exercise [20]. However, the same investigators reported that 60 min after the unaccustomed exercise, no significant difference were observed in torque loss between males and females [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The Effects of Eccentric Exercise on Muscle Damage and Blood Redox Status in Men and Women

Nikolaidis

2017

JFMK

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Abstract:The purpose of the present investigation was to study the possible differences between men and women in muscle damage indices and oxidative stress biomarkers in response to eccentric exercise. Ten males and ten females performed a bout of eccentric exercise using an isokinetic dynamometer. Muscle damage indices (i.e., isometric torque, range of movement, delayed onset muscle soreness, and creatine kinase (CK)) and oxidative stress biomarkers (i.e., protein carbonyls and glutathione) were measured before and 48 h after eccentric exercise. No significant main effect of group or time-group interaction was found for muscle damage indices and oxidative stress biomarkers. However, the main effect of time was significant for all measured parameters. The findings of the present investigation indicate that eccentric exercise caused muscle damage and oxidative stress (i.e., protein and glutathione oxidation) in both males and females with no significant differences between the two groups. It is concluded that there are no differences between males and females regarding muscle damage and oxidative stress after eccentric exercise.

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Sex Differences in Response to Maximal Eccentric Exercise

Cited by 103 publications

References 25 publications

The effects of muscle damage on walking biomechanics are speed-dependent

The effects of muscle damage on walking biomechanics are speed-dependent

Peak power is reduced following lengthening contractions despite a maintenance of shortening velocity

The Effects of Eccentric Exercise on Muscle Damage and Blood Redox Status in Men and Women

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