Sex Differences in Obesity and Cognitive Function in Chinese Elderly Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia

Li, Wei; Sun, Lin; Yue, Ling; Fang, Yuan; Xiao, Shifu

doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.742474

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Our study supports previous findings that patients with schizophrenia exhibit significant cognitive impairment compared to healthy controls. 23 However, we did not observe any sex differences in the degree of cognitive impairment in patients, which is consistent with the results reported by Zanelli et al 24 and Kao et al 25 Actually, although many studies relying on neuropsychological battery 17,[26][27][28][29] and neuroimaging [30][31][32] have examined the impact of sex on cognitive function in schizophrenia, the conclusion remains controversial. These inconsistencies may be attributed to differences in symptomatology, medication status, illness onset, and illness duration between studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Association Between Metabolic Risk Factors and Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia Based on Sex

Huang,

Du,

et al. 2023

Psychiatry Investig

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Objective Sex differences have been observed in many aspects of schizophrenia, including cognitive deficits. Despite extensive research into the relationship between metabolic factors and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, few studies have explored the potential sex difference in their association.Methods We recruited 358 schizophrenia patients and 231 healthy controls. The participants underwent measurements of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose. Metabolic risk factors included abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. A collection of these metabolic risk factors has been defined as metabolic syndrome. These diagnoses were based on the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III. Cognitive performance was measured using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). A descriptive analysis, difference analysis, and linear regression model were used to identify the metabolic risk factors for cognitive function in schizophrenia.Results Our findings revealed sex differences in the rate of abdominal obesity and hypertension in schizophrenic patients. Additionally, we observed sex differences in the association between metabolic risk factors and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Specifically, hyperglycemia was associated with the immediate memory index score of RBANS in male patients, while dyslipidemia was associated with language, attention, delayed memory index scores, and RBANS total score in female patients.Conclusion Our results suggest that sex should be considered when evaluating the impact of metabolic disorders on the cognitive function of schizophrenic patients. Moreover, our study identifies hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia as potential targets for precise treatment by sex stratification, which could benefit the improvement of cognitive impairment in schizophrenic patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Association Between Metabolic Risk Factors and Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia Based on Sex

Huang,

Du,

et al. 2023

Psychiatry Investig

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“…Li et al. found that among elderly patients with schizophrenia, obesity rates were 11.7% in men and 21.3% in women, which were significantly higher than in control older adults (6.7% for men and 15.7% for women) (Li et al., 2022). Several studies have found that obese individuals (BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 ) have a higher risk of suicide (Pompili et al., 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the results of further multiple regression, our study found an association between BMI and suicide risk, showing that the higher the BMI, the higher the risk of suicide. Li et al found that among elderly patients with schizophrenia, obesity rates were 11.7% in men and 21.3% in women, which were significantly higher than in control older adults (6.7% for men and 15.7% for women) (Li et al, 2022). Several studies have found that obese individuals (BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 ) have a higher risk of suicide (Pompili et al, 2006).…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of suicide attempts among Chinese elderly patients over 50 years with schizophrenia

Fu,

Zhang,

Xiao

2024

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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BackgroundSeveral research efforts have found that older schizophrenia patients are at higher risk for suicide. Related risk factors for suicide attempts in the elderly with schizophrenia are poorly understood. This study sought to assess the prevalence of suicide attempts and related risk variables in schizophrenia patients over the age of 50.MethodsWe recruited 591 elderly patients over the age of 50. Demographic, clinical and blood parameters of all patients were collected. Patients with schizophrenia were evaluated for psychopathological symptoms using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).ResultsThe rate of suicide attempts among elderly Chinese schizophrenia patients was 15.2%. In these elderly schizophrenia patients, those who with suicide attempts had significantly higher scores for insomnia, depression and smoking addiction, and higher levels of red blood cells, Hc1 glycosylated hemoglobin and free T3, but significantly lower levels of hypersensitive C‐reactive protein and ‐globulin. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that higher depression scores and smoking addiction were risk factors for suicide attempts in these patients. Additionally, multiple regression analyses showed that higher BMI and insomnia scores were associated with suicide risk scores in elderly schizophrenia patients.ConclusionsOur research shows that there is a high incidence of suicide attempts in people over 50 years of age with schizophrenia. A number of clinically relevant factors and metabolic markers are associated with suicide attempts among elderly patients with schizophrenia.

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The association between Weight-adjusted-Waist Index (WWI) and cognitive function in older adults: a cross-sectional NHANES 2011–2014 study

Qiu,

Kuang,

Huang

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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Background The impact of obesity on cognitive function has engendered considerable interest. Weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) has emerged as a novel and innovative marker of obesity that reflects weight-independent abdominal obesity. However, the association between WWI and cognitive function remains unclear. To address this gap, the present study aims to explore the relationship between weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) and cognitive performance in older adults. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional investigation using datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014. The study included 3,472 participants (48.59% male, 51.41% female) of various races (Mexican American, Other Hispanic, Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, and Other), with a mean age of 69.95 years (SD = 6.94). Multivariate regression and smoothing curve fitting were used to investigate the linear and nonlinear relationship between WWI and cognitive performance in the following domains: learning and memory, verbal fluency, and processing speed, as measured by Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Word Learning subtest (CERAD-WL), Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), respectively. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were conducted to examine the stability of this relationship across groups. Machine learning models based on random forests were used to analyze the predictive performance of WWI for cognitive function. Results A total of 3,472 participants were included in the analysis. The results revealed significant negative associations between WWI and low scores on the CERAD-WL [-0.96 (-1.30, -0.62)], AFT [-0.77 (-1.05, -0.49)], and DSST [-3.67 (-4.55, -2.79)]. This relationship remained stable after converting WWI to a categorical variable. In addition, this significant negative association was more pronounced in men than women and diminished with advancing age. Non-linear threshold effects were observed, with correlations intensifying between WWI and CERAD-WL when WWI surpassed 12.25, AFT when WWI surpassed 11.54, and DSST when WWI surpassed 11.66. Conclusions A higher WWI, indicating increased abdominal obesity, was associated with deficits in learning, memory, verbal fluency, and processing speed among older adults. These findings suggest that abdominal obesity may play a crucial role in cognitive decline in this population. The stronger relationship observed between WWI and cognition in men highlights the need for gender-specific considerations in interventions targeting abdominal obesity. The results demonstrate the importance of interventions targeting abdominal obesity to preserve cognitive performance in older adults.

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Sex Differences in Obesity and Cognitive Function in Chinese Elderly Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia

Cited by 5 publications

References 59 publications

Association Between Metabolic Risk Factors and Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia Based on Sex

Association Between Metabolic Risk Factors and Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia Based on Sex

Prevalence and risk factors of suicide attempts among Chinese elderly patients over 50 years with schizophrenia

The association between Weight-adjusted-Waist Index (WWI) and cognitive function in older adults: a cross-sectional NHANES 2011–2014 study

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