Sex differences in nicotine intravenous self-administration: A meta-analytic review

Flores, Rodolfo; Uribe, Kevin P.; Swalve, Natashia; O’Dell, Laura E.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.11.017

Cited by 53 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…When it comes to gender study, Travis et al observed the susceptibility of lung cancer in female smokers because of tar exposure compared to male counterparts [21]. Similarly, our study also suggests that female smokers are more prone in developing cognitive decline compared to male smokers which may be due to the fast rate of nicotine metabolism by the female hormones and its effect on the cognitive decline [22]. Additionally, females exhibited a higher amount of nicotine intake and the total plasma clearance of nicotine is lower compared to males [23].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Gender-based clinical study on the association of cognitive impairment with drinking and smoking

Fu¹,

Chen²,

Zhang³

et al. 2018

Trop. J. Pharm Res

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Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking among the elderly population of a Chinese city with a risk of developing cognitive decline and dementia. Methods: In this study, 1687 participants from the suburban town of Yanliang in Xi'an Sub-province, Shanxi Province, China in the age group of 60-65 years and who have not develop cognitive decline were assessed over a 6-year period. The study involved the evaluation of gender-based effect on alcohol consumption and smoking cigarette and its impact on cognitive functions. Results: The study observed that smokers have a higher risk of cognitive decline than non-smokers (odds ratio = 1.51; 95 % CI = (1.07-2.11). Interestingly, the odds ratio of the smokers among the female subjects was 1.54; 95 % CI (1.02-2.49) compared to female non-smokers. Moreover, a dosedependent relationship was observed for those female smoker with higher pack-years compared to nonsmokers (p = 0.003). On the other hand, regular alcohol consumption also increased the possibility of dementia and cognitive decline (odds ratio = 1.69; CI at 95 % = (1.03-2.75), hence a dose-dependent relationship was observed between male users (p = 0.042). Conclusion: The results suggest that alcohol consumption and smoking are linked with cognitive decline among the female subjects in the age group of 60-65 years. Thus, the relationship between these factors is characterized by gender difference which may be due to female sex hormones.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Gender-based clinical study on the association of cognitive impairment with drinking and smoking

Fu¹,

Chen²,

Zhang³

et al. 2018

Trop. J. Pharm Res

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show abstract

“…However, it is still worth considering potential sex differences as a foundation for future studies. For instance, compared to male rats, nicotine's rewarding effects are enhanced in females in the conditioned place preference paradigm 55 , females acquire intravenous nicotine selfadministration quicker at a low nicotine dose 56 , females demonstrate higher elasticity in demand for nicotine in a behavioral economics assessment 57 , and females exhibit higher motivation to obtain nicotine infusions with the progressive ratio schedule or under extended access conditions (23 hr) 56,58 . Age-related effects have also been found in the reinforcing effects of nicotine on brain reward thresholds, with adolescent females exhibiting a higher sensitivity to nicotine compared to males 59 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine e‐cigarette vapor inhalation and self‐administration in a rodent model: Sex‐ and nicotine delivery‐specific effects on metabolism and behavior

et al. 2021

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E-cigarettes, which deliver vaporized nicotine, have dramatically risen in popularity in recent years, despite many unanswered questions about safety, efficacy in reducing dependence, and overall impact on public health. Other factors, such as sex, also play an important role in determining behavioral and neurochemical responses to drugs of abuse.In these studies, we sought to develop a protocol for vaporized e-cigarette nicotine self-administration in rats, as a foundation to better understand the differing effects of nicotine exposure routes on behavior and physiological function. We report a novel method that elicits robust nicotine vapor self-administration in male and female rats. Our findings indicate that 5 mg/ml nicotine vape solution provides a high level of consistency in lever-pressing behavior for both males and females.Moreover, in male rats, we find that such e-cigarette nicotine vapor induces similar blood levels of nicotine's main metabolite, cotinine, as that found with intravenous nicotine self-administration. Therefore, the breathing pattern during vapor exposure in males leads to similar levels of titrated nicotine intake as with intravenous nicotine self-administration. Interestingly, a differential effect was found in the females, in which the same conditions of vapor exposure led to decreased cotinine levels with vapor compared to intravenous self-administration. Finally, differences in nicotine-mediated locomotion provide further support of the physiological effects of e-cigarette vapor inhalation. Taken together, our findings reveal important sex differences in nicotine intake based on the route of 1 exposure, and we further establish a protocol for nicotine vapor selfadministration in rats.

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“…It is likely that midbrain DA neurons in females are less sensitive to laser stimulation. It is well documented that female rats acquired cocaine (heroin or nicotine) self‐administration more rapidly than males and consumed significantly greater amounts of cocaine, heroin, or nicotine than did males under the same experimental conditions 62–64 . The neural mechanisms underlying sex differences in drug intake are not fully understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The neural mechanisms underlying sex differences in drug intake are not fully understood. A prevailing hypothesis is that estrogen effects on the mesolimbic DA systems may underlie such sex differences in drug‐taking behavior 64–66 . Accordingly, such an estrogen‐related mechanism may also explain why females respond less for VTA DA neuron stimulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optogenetic brain‐stimulation reward: A new procedure to re‐evaluate the rewarding versus aversive effects of cannabinoids in dopamine transporter‐Cre mice

et al. 2021

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Despite extensive research, the rewarding effects of cannabinoids are still debated. Here, we used a newly established animal procedure called optogenetic intracranial self‐stimulation (ICSS) (oICSS) to re‐examine the abuse potential of cannabinoids in mice. A specific adeno‐associated viral vector carrying a channelrhodopsin gene was microinjected into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to express light‐sensitive channelrhodopsin in dopamine (DA) neurons of transgenic dopamine transporter (DAT)‐Cre mice. Optogenetic stimulation of VTA DA neurons was highly reinforcing and produced a classical “sigmoidal”‐shaped stimulation–response curve dependent upon the laser pulse frequency. Systemic administration of cocaine dose‐dependently enhanced oICSS and shifted stimulation–response curves upward, in a way similar to previously observed effects of cocaine on electrical ICSS. In contrast, Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC), but not cannabidiol, dose‐dependently decreased oICSS responding and shifted oICSS curves downward. WIN55,212‐2 and ACEA, two synthetic cannabinoids often used in laboratory settings, also produced dose‐dependent reductions in oICSS. We then examined several new synthetic cannabinoids, which are used recreationally. XLR‐11 produced a cocaine‐like increase, AM‐2201 produced a Δ9‐THC‐like reduction, while 5F‐AMB had no effect on oICSS responding. Immunohistochemistry and RNAscope in situ hybridization assays indicated that CB1Rs are expressed mainly in VTA GABA and glutamate neurons, while CB2Rs are expressed mainly in VTA DA neurons. Together, these findings suggest that most cannabinoids are not reward enhancing, but rather reward attenuating or aversive in mice. Activation of CB1R and/or CB2R in different populations of neurons in the brain may underlie the observed actions.

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Sex differences in nicotine intravenous self-administration: A meta-analytic review

Abstract: Overall, the results revealed that female rats display higher levels of nicotine IVSA than males, suggesting that the strong reinforcing effects of nicotine promote tobacco use in women.

Cited by 53 publications

References 56 publications

Gender-based clinical study on the association of cognitive impairment with drinking and smoking

Gender-based clinical study on the association of cognitive impairment with drinking and smoking

Nicotine e‐cigarette vapor inhalation and self‐administration in a rodent model: Sex‐ and nicotine delivery‐specific effects on metabolism and behavior

Optogenetic brain‐stimulation reward: A new procedure to re‐evaluate the rewarding versus aversive effects of cannabinoids in dopamine transporter‐Cre mice

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