Sex differences in neurocognitive functioning among abstinent recreational cocaine users

Rahman, Qazi; Clarke, Chris

doi:10.1007/s00213-005-2257-8

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, in light of the evidence documenting sex differences in those with substance and behavioural addictions (Sanchis-Segura and Becker 2016), the impact of gender differences on the outcome of WM training is of importance. For example, currently abstinent males, and not females, who engage in recreational use of cocaine show differences in neurocognitive functioning, such as poorer attention and greater verbal recognition memory (Rahman and Clarke 2005). Additionally, in terms of behavioural addictions, such as compulsive shopping, women as opposed to men show activation of an avoidance coping mechanism (mood compensation) that is secondary to irrational cognitions, which mediates the link between compulsive buying and psychological distress (Ching et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of cognitive training in substance use disorder: the effect of working memory training on impulse control in methamphetamine users

et al. 2017

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ObjectivesImpulsivity is a vulnerability trait for poor self-regulation in substance use disorder (SUD). Working memory (WM) training improves impulsivity and self-regulation in psychiatric disorders. Here we test WM training in methamphetamine use disorder (MUD).MethodsThere are 15 MUD patients receiving inpatient treatment as usual (TAU) and 20 who additionally completed WM cognitive training (CT) and 25 healthy controls (HC). MANCOVA repeated measures analyses examined changes in impulsivity and self-regulation at baseline and after 4 weeks.ResultsPost hoc t tests confirmed that at baseline, feelings of self-control were significantly lower in the MUD (t = 2.001, p = 0.05) and depression was higher (t = 4.980, p = 0.001), as was BIS total impulsivity (t = 5.370, p = 0.001) compared to the HC group. Total self-regulation score was higher in HC than MUD patients (t = 5.370, p = 0.001). CT had a 35% learning rate (R 2 = 0.3523, p < 0.05). Compared to follow-up TAU, follow-up CT group had higher self-reported mood scores (t = 2.784, p = 0.01) and higher compared to CT baseline (t = 2.386, p = 0.036). Feelings of self-control were higher in CT than TAU at follow-up (t = 2.736, p = 0.012) and also compared to CT baseline (t = 3.390, p = 0.006), lack of planning significantly improved in CT between baseline and follow-up (t = 2.219, p = 0.048), as did total impulsivity scores (t = 2.085, p = 0.048). Measures of self-regulation were improved in the CT group compared to TAU at follow-up, in total score (t = 2.442, p = 0.038), receiving score (t = 2.314, p = 0.029) and searching score (t = 2.362, p = 0.027). Implementing self-regulation was higher in the CT group compared to TAU (t = 2.373, p = 0.026).ConclusionsWM training may improve control of impulsivity and self-regulation in people with MUD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of cognitive training in substance use disorder: the effect of working memory training on impulse control in methamphetamine users

et al. 2017

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“…Rahman and Clarke (2005) demonstrated neurocognitive impairments in areas of attention and verbal recognition (but also improvements in category fluency) in a sample of recreational cocaine users relative to non-drug using controls, with the duration and intensity of use correlating with some aspects of functioning. Their cocaine users, however, predominantly used crack cocaine, a derivative of powdered cocaine which is not representative of the majority of 'recreational' users (who tend to snort powdered cocaine).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Neuropsychological effects associated with recreational cocaine use

et al. 2012

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“…These tests led to inconsistent findings: studies either reported better (O'Malley et al, 1992;Hoff et al, 1996;Rahman & Clarke, 2005) or comparable performance between cocaine (Woicik et al, 2008;Bolla et al, 1999) or crack-cocaine users (Di, V et al, 2002) and non-using subjects or reported poorer performance in cocaine users (Gillen et al, 1998;Bolla et al, 1999;Kalechstein et al, 2003). The investigation of chronic stimulant users faces the challenge to differentiate potentially predisposing neurocognitive processing patterns from cumulative effects of stimulant use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for subtle verbal fluency deficits in occasional stimulant users: Quick to play loose with verbal rules

Reske

Delis

Paulus

2011

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Psychostimulants like cocaine and amphetamine are commonly abused by young adults who often state that they take these drugs to increase social or cognitive performance. The current study tested the hypothesis that individuals at early stages of occasional stimulant use show subtle executive dysfunctions such as verbal fluency deficits. 155 young (age 18-25), non-dependent occasional users of stimulants and 49 stimulant naïve comparison subjects performed the DelisKaplan Verbal Fluency test. Correlation and median split analyses were conducted to account for stimulant history and co-drug use. Compared to stimulant naïve subjects, occasional stimulant users generated significantly more responses on an over-learned verbal fluency task (Category Fluency), but at the expense of increased error rates (Set Loss and Repetition Errors). These performance differences were not related to lifetime uses of stimulants or marijuana. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that individuals who are using stimulants occasionally exhibit subtle executive dysfunctions when required to generate verbal sets under time pressure. In particular, occasional stimulant users apply quickly but inaccurately verbal rules, which may represent a mix of diminished cognitive flexibility along with increased rigidity and impulsivity. This specific executive dysfunction may help to identify individuals at risk for stimulant use or dependence.

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Sex differences in neurocognitive functioning among abstinent recreational cocaine users

Abstract: Whilst these data partially support the notion of sex-related neurocognitive variation in short-term abstinence from recreational cocaine use, they do not suggest that sex is a major factor.

Cited by 22 publications

References 38 publications

The impact of cognitive training in substance use disorder: the effect of working memory training on impulse control in methamphetamine users

The impact of cognitive training in substance use disorder: the effect of working memory training on impulse control in methamphetamine users

Neuropsychological effects associated with recreational cocaine use

Evidence for subtle verbal fluency deficits in occasional stimulant users: Quick to play loose with verbal rules

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