Sex Differences in Innate Immune Responses to Bacterial Pathogens

Rettew, Jennifer A.; Marriott, Ian; Huet-Hudson, Yvette M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02155-8_5

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Curran et al (2007) also undermined the protective role of estrogen on bacterial infection, and presented an increased risk for UTI caused by uropathogenic E. coli strains in mice treated with estradiol, compared with the control. Furthermore, Gupta et al (2006, in: Rettew et al, 2010 showed that a lower level of circulating estrogen causes the loss of Lactobacillus species in the vagina, and an increase in pH and coliform microorganisms, promoting the growth of pathogenic bacteria which predisposes females to infection. The role of estrogens in antimicrobial protection remains controversial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human body morphology, prevalence of nasopharyngeal potential bacterial pathogens, and immunocompetence handicap principal

Pawłowski

Nowak

Borkowska

et al. 2014

American J Hum Biol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human body morphology, prevalence of nasopharyngeal potential bacterial pathogens, and immunocompetence handicap principal

Pawłowski

Nowak

Borkowska

et al. 2014

American J Hum Biol

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“…Different studies provide evidence that males exhibit greater susceptibility to bacterial challenge than their female counterparts [42]. Experimental models of infection in castrated animals with or without hormonal substitution have been used to study the role of sex hormones in bacterial infections [43].…”

Section: Effects Of Sex Steroid Hormones On Bacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another example is the susceptibility of women to Listeria monocytogenes infection during pregnancy when estradiol and progesterone levels are very high [42]. Also during pregnancy, gingivitis and pyogenic granuloma have been related to the increased concentrations of circulating estrogens and progesterone [57].…”

Section: Effects Of Sex Steroid Hormones On Bacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also during pregnancy, gingivitis and pyogenic granuloma have been related to the increased concentrations of circulating estrogens and progesterone [57]. As it can be observed, there is a clear sexual dimorphism in the susceptibility and progress of bacterial infections in human patients and rodent models of disease that are related with sex steroid hormone actions [42, 58]. …”

Section: Effects Of Sex Steroid Hormones On Bacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Sex Steroid Hormones in Bacterial-Host Interactions

García-Gómez

González‐Pedrajo

Camacho‐Arroyo

2013

BioMed Research International

158

126

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Sex steroid hormones play important physiological roles in reproductive and nonreproductive tissues, including immune cells. These hormones exert their functions by binding to either specific intracellular receptors that act as ligand-dependent transcription factors or membrane receptors that stimulate several signal transduction pathways. The elevated susceptibility of males to bacterial infections can be related to the usually lower immune responses presented in males as compared to females. This dimorphic sex difference is mainly due to the differential modulation of the immune system by sex steroid hormones through the control of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines expression, as well as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expression and antibody production. Besides, sex hormones can also affect the metabolism, growth, or virulence of pathogenic bacteria. In turn, pathogenic, microbiota, and environmental bacteria are able to metabolize and degrade steroid hormones and their related compounds. All these data suggest that sex steroid hormones play a key role in the modulation of bacterial-host interactions.

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“…In line with this, androgens can inhibit the expression of TLR4 mRNA in human endothelial cells (Norata et al, ) and can reduce TLR4 expression in the cell surface of isolated macrophages in mice (Rettew et al, ). Furthermore, these results could explain, in part, the ability of testosterone to increase susceptibility to bacterial infection in both males and females (Rettew et al, ), with castration being efficient to eliminate pathogens and to dampen infection‐related inflammation within the prostate gland.…”

Section: Androgen Modulation Of Host Defense Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen regulation of host defenses and response to inflammatory stimuli in the prostate gland

Quintar

Maldonado

2017

Cell Biology International

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The prostate gland is a strictly androgen-dependent organ which is also the main target of infectious and inflammatory diseases in the male reproductive tract. Host defenses and immunity of the gland have unique features to maintain a constant balance between response and tolerance to diverse antigens. In this context, the effects of reproductive hormones on the male tract are thus complex and have just started to be defined. From the classical description of "the prostatic antibacterial factor," many host defense proteins with potent microbicidal and anti-tumoral activities have been described in the organ. Indeed, it has been proposed a central role for resident cells, that is, epithelial and smooth muscle cells, in the prostatic response against injuries. However, these cells also represent the target of the inflammatory damage, leading to the development of a Proliferative Inflammatory Atrophy-like process in the epithelium and a myofibroblastic-like reactive stroma. Available data on androgen regulation of inflammation led to a model of the complex control, in which the final effect will depend on the tissue microenvironment, the cause of inflammation, and the levels of androgens among other factors. In this paper, we review the current scientific literature about the inflammatory process in the gland, the modulation of host defense proteins, and the influence of testosterone on the resolution of prostatitis.

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Sex Differences in Innate Immune Responses to Bacterial Pathogens

Cited by 13 publications

References 87 publications

Human body morphology, prevalence of nasopharyngeal potential bacterial pathogens, and immunocompetence handicap principal

Human body morphology, prevalence of nasopharyngeal potential bacterial pathogens, and immunocompetence handicap principal

Role of Sex Steroid Hormones in Bacterial-Host Interactions

Androgen regulation of host defenses and response to inflammatory stimuli in the prostate gland

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