Sex Differences in Injection Drug Risk Behaviors Among Hospitalized Persons

Abstract

ObjectivesAs opioid use increases, it remains important to assess factors that contribute to injection drug risk behaviors, as sharing needles and other drug use equipment contributes to the spread of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus. Such risks may differ by sex and injecting with others. The current study examined factors that contribute to increased injection drug risk separately for men and women.MethodsPeople who inject drugs were recruited at an academic safety-net hospital that reported recent injection drug use. Two main injection outcomes were assessed: (1) human immunodeficiency virus drug risk behaviors as assessed by the Risk Assessment Battery and (2) the number of times participants injected drugs with a needle used by someone else. For each outcome, different models for women and men were conducted to detect differences by sex.ResultsBoth men and women were more likely to inject with a needle used by someone else if they used drugs within a sexual relationship (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 14.61, P < 0.01; IRR = 7.17, P < 0.05). Being employed was associated with lower risk assessment battery scores among men, and lower mean rates of using a needle used by someone else among women (IRR = 0.22, P < 0.05). Women with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and men with higher depression scores had higher rates of injecting with a needle used by someone else.ConclusionsPeople who inject drugs who are in intimate relationships report higher injection drug risk behaviors. We found benefits to employment among both men and women. Identifying factors associated with increased injection risk behaviors can be useful for creating interventions tailored by sex.

Sex Differences in Injection Drug Risk Behaviors Among Hospitalized Persons

“…Biondi et al 1 investigated the pertinent characteristics that are contributory to the increased injection drug risk behaviors among women as compared with men by performing an observational study relating to the secondary analysis of their baseline survey from an evidence-based randomized controlled trial (RCT). After careful consideration, we would like to share our observations in our analysis of this study to complement the understanding of the patient population of people who inject drugs (PWIDs).…”