Sex Differences in Human Thermoregulation: Relevance for 2020 and Beyond

Yanovich, Ran; Ketko, Itay; Charkoudian, Nisha

doi:10.1152/physiol.00035.2019

Cited by 76 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…52,58 Furthermore, the process by which men and women acclimatize and the outcomes of acclimatization do not seem to differ. 59,60 The time course of heat acclimatization has also typically been considered similar in men and women 48,49,51 ; historically, 7-10 days are necessary for near-full expression. Shorter regimens (eg, 4-5 days) have also been shown to be effective in both men and women.…”

Section: Induction Of Heat Acclimatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shorter regimens (eg, 4-5 days) have also been shown to be effective in both men and women. 59,61,62 However, cardiovascular and core body temperature responses in men appear to stabilize after 5 days, whereas women require .5 days to achieve same. 59,61,62 Therefore, allowing .10 days of heat acclimatization provides near-optimal benefits for both males and females.…”

Section: Induction Of Heat Acclimatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Roundtable on Preseason Heat Safety in Secondary School Athletics: Heat Acclimatization

Adams

Hosokawa

Casa

et al. 2021

Journal of Athletic Training

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Objective To provide best-practice recommendations for developing and implementing heat-acclimatization strategies in secondary school athletics. Data Sources An extensive literature review on topics related to heat acclimatization and heat acclimation was conducted by a group of content experts. Using the Delphi method, action-oriented recommendations were developed. Conclusions A period of heat acclimatization consisting of ≥14 consecutive days should be implemented at the start of fall preseason training or practices for all secondary school athletes to mitigate the risk of exertional heat illness. The heat-acclimatization guidelines should outline specific actions for secondary school athletics personnel to use, including the duration of training, the number of training sessions permitted per day, and adequate rest periods in a cool environment. Further, these guidelines should include sport-specific and athlete-specific recommendations, such as phasing in protective equipment and reintroducing heat acclimatization after periods of inactivity. Heat-acclimatization guidelines should be clearly detailed in the secondary school's policy and procedures manual and disseminated to all stakeholders. Heat-acclimatization guidelines, when used in conjunction with current best practices surrounding the prevention, management, and care of secondary school student-athletes with exertional heat stroke, will optimize their health and safety.

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Section: Induction Of Heat Acclimatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Induction Of Heat Acclimatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roundtable on Preseason Heat Safety in Secondary School Athletics: Heat Acclimatization

Adams

Hosokawa

Casa

et al. 2021

Journal of Athletic Training

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Finally, the present study recorded the data from thirteen males and three females, but did not investigate gender differences in the effects of passive heat stress and recovery on the human cognitive function. It is well-known that there are gender differences in thermoregulatory responses [34,35]. In this study, we controlled the subjects' internal temperature with a water-perfused suit, which minimized individuals' thermoregulatory capacity.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of passive heat stress and recovery on human cognitive function: An ERP study

2021

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Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we investigated the effects of passive heat stress and recovery on the human cognitive function with Flanker tasks, involving congruent and incongruent stimuli. We hypothesized that modulation of the peak amplitude and latency of the P300 component in ERP waveforms would differ with task difficulty during passive heat stress and recovery. Subjects performed the Flanker tasks before (Pre), at the end of whole body heating (Heat: internal temperature increase of ~1.2°C from the pre-heat baseline), and after the internal temperature had returned to the pre-heat baseline (Recovery). The internal temperature was regulated by a tube-lined suit by perfusing 50°C water for heat stress and 25°C water for recovery immediately after the heat stress. Regardless of task difficulty, the reaction time (RT) was shortened during Heat rather than Pre and Recovery, and standard deviations of RT (i.e., response variability) were significantly smaller during Heat than Pre. However, the peak amplitudes of the P300 component in ERPs, which involved selective attention, expectancy, and memory updating, were significantly smaller during Heat than during Pre, suggesting the impairment of neural activity in cognitive function. Notably, the peak amplitudes of the P300 component were higher during Recovery than during Heat, indicating that the impaired neural activity had recovered after sufficient whole-body cooling. An indicator of the stimulus classification/evaluation time (peak latency of P300) and the RT were shortened during Heat stress, but such shortening was not noted after whole-body cooling. These results suggest that hyperthermia affects the human cognitive function, reflected by the peak amplitude and latency of the P300 component in ERPs during the Flanker tasks, but sufficient treatment such as whole-body cooling performed in this study can recover those functions.

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“…Women also have lower sweat rate than men for the same amount of metabolic heat production [171,172]. These anthropometric and sweating characteristics predispose women to a higher degree of heat storage than men when undertaking physical work at the same absolute workload [173]. In a controlled experiment, where active men and women performed the same absolute workload on a cycle ergometer for 60 min in hot-wet (35 • C, 80% Rh) and hot-dry (45 • C, 20% Rh) conditions, in separate trials, the female subjects recorded significantly higher rectal temperature (Tre, 0.2-0.3 • C) and %VO 2max (21-39%) than male subjects in both conditions [170].…”

Section: Sex-related Differences In Thermoregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Concepts of Human Thermoregulation and Adaptation to Heat: A Review in the Context of Global Warming

Lim

2020

IJERPH

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The international community has recognized global warming as an impending catastrophe that poses significant threat to life on earth. In response, the signatories of the Paris Agreement (2015) have committed to limit the increase in global mean temperature to < 1.5 °C from pre-industry period, which is defined as 1950–1890. Considering that the protection of human life is a central focus in the Paris Agreement, the naturally endowed properties of the human body to protect itself from environmental extremes should form the core of an integrated and multifaceted solution against global warming. Scholars believe that heat and thermoregulation played important roles in the evolution of life and continue to be a central mechanism that allows humans to explore, labor and live in extreme conditions. However, the international effort against global warming has focused primarily on protecting the environment and on the reduction of greenhouse gases by changing human behavior, industrial practices and government policies, with limited consideration given to the nature and design of the human thermoregulatory system. Global warming is projected to challenge the limits of human thermoregulation, which can be enhanced by complementing innate human thermo-plasticity with the appropriate behavioral changes and technological innovations. Therefore, the primary aim of this review is to discuss the fundamental concepts and physiology of human thermoregulation as the underlying bases for human adaptation to global warming. Potential strategies to extend human tolerance against environmental heat through behavioral adaptations and technological innovations will also be discussed. An important behavioral adaptation postulated by this review is that sleep/wake cycles would gravitate towards a sub-nocturnal pattern, especially for outdoor activities, to avoid the heat in the day. Technologically, the current concept of air conditioning the space in the room would likely steer towards the concept of targeted body surface cooling. The current review was conducted using materials that were derived from PubMed search engine and the personal library of the author. The PubMed search was conducted using combinations of keywords that are related to the theme and topics in the respective sections of the review. The final set of articles selected were considered “state of the art,” based on their contributions to the strength of scientific evidence and novelty in the domain knowledge on human thermoregulation and global warming.

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Sex Differences in Human Thermoregulation: Relevance for 2020 and Beyond

Cited by 76 publications

References 63 publications

Roundtable on Preseason Heat Safety in Secondary School Athletics: Heat Acclimatization

Roundtable on Preseason Heat Safety in Secondary School Athletics: Heat Acclimatization

Effects of passive heat stress and recovery on human cognitive function: An ERP study

Fundamental Concepts of Human Thermoregulation and Adaptation to Heat: A Review in the Context of Global Warming

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