Sex Differences in Frail Older Adults with Foot Pain in a Spanish Population: An Observational Study

Navarro‐Flores, Emmanuel; Romero‐Morales, Carlos; Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo, Ricardo; Rodríguez‐Sanz, David; Palomo‐López, Patricia; López‐López, Daniel; Iglesias, Marta Elena Losa

doi:10.3390/ijerph17176141

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…It is calculated as the ratio of the number of deficits present in the individual to the number of total deficits considered [ 28 ]. The Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) [ 29 ], its recent validated short version (EFS-SF) [ 30 , 31 ], the Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, and Loss of Weight (FRAIL) Score [ 32 ], the Geriatricians’ Clinical Impression of Frailty (GCIF) scale [ 33 ], and the Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 (IVCF-20) [ 34 ] are other approaches able to identify frailty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Narrative Review on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Factors

et al. 2021

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a major health burden for the elderly population, affecting approximately 25% of people over the age of 65 years. This percentage is expected to increase dramatically in the next decades in relation to the increased longevity of the population observed in recent years. Beyond microvascular and macrovascular complications, sarcopenia has been described as a new diabetes complication in the elderly population. Increasing attention has been paid by researchers and clinicians to this age-related condition—characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass together with the loss of muscle power and function—in individuals with T2DM; this is due to the heavy impact that sarcopenia may have on physical and psychosocial health of diabetic patients, thus affecting their quality of life. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update on: (1) the risk of sarcopenia in individuals with T2DM, and (2) its association with relevant features of patients with T2DM such as age, gender, body mass index, disease duration, glycemic control, presence of microvascular or macrovascular complications, nutritional status, and glucose-lowering drugs. From a clinical point of view, it is necessary to improve the ability of physicians and dietitians to recognize early sarcopenia and its risk factors in patients with T2DM in order to make appropriate therapeutic approaches able to prevent and treat this condition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Narrative Review on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Factors

et al. 2021

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“… 22 An observational study of elderly participants in Spain showed a significant correlation between cognition and frailty. 23 During the aging process, coordination among the systems declines, and the original balance control process based on body reflexes relies more on cognitive function. 24 Decreased cognitive integration function may lead to deviations in judgment of the surrounding environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 22 Navarro-Flores recently found that using more than 5 different medications on a regular basis is correlated with the fragility in older participants, which may increase the risk of falls. 23 Findings by Bloch and Woolcott JC both showed that gait and balance function may be influenced by combined use of multiple drugs, especially psychotropic medication. 32 , 33 Good control of vascular risk factors and rational prescription of medications remains important to patient health and prognosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 An observational study of elderly participants in Spain showed a significant correlation between cognition and frailty. 23 During the aging process, coordination among the systems Figure 1 Boxplot (A-D) showed the distribution of the gait and balance measures for the four continuous variables. TUG, Timed "Up and Go" Test; FSST, Four Square Step Test; GPT, gait and pivot turn; FRT, Functional Reach Test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gait and Balance Disorder in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke

Gao

et al. 2021

NDT

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Purpose Transient ischemic attack (TIA) and minor stroke had a high recurrence rate, resulting in potential neurological impairment. Only a few previous studies focused on gait and balance disorder in TIA and minor stroke. This study aimed to explore the relationship between gait and balance disorder and TIA/minor stroke. Patients and Methods Eighty-two patients with TIA/minor stroke and fifty-two healthy control participants were recruited. The gait and balance function of the two groups was tested with six measurements (Four Square Step, Tandem, Functional Reach, Gait and Pivot Turn, Timed “Up and Go”, and Single Leg Balance tests). The associations between these measures and TIA/minor stroke were determined through linear and logistic regression analyses. Results There were no significant group differences in age, gender, body mass index, vision, and cognitive function. People with TIA/minor stroke had poorer performance in all six gait and balance measures (all p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed TIA/minor stroke was strongly associated with gait and balance disorder (Four Square Step Test [OR, 24.07; 95% CI 5.90–98.13; p<0.001], Tandem Test [OR, 5.50; 95% CI 1.64–18.40; p=0.006], Functional Reach Test [OR, 4.25; 95% CI 1.04–17.33; p=0.044], Gait and Pivot Turn Test [OR, 3.78; 95% CI 1.22–11.31; p=0.021], Timed“Up and Go”Test [OR, 15.79; 95% CI 2.32–107.48; p=0.005], and Single Leg Balance Test [OR, 8.96; 95% CI 2.34–34.01; p=0.001]). TIA/minor stroke patients with older age, cognitive dysfunction, high K-CRP level, and severe atherosclerosis in lower limbs were more likely to have gait and balance disorder. Conclusion Our findings highlight the significant relationship between gait and balance disorder and TIA/minor stroke. It seems that people with TIA/minor stroke had a higher possibility to get gait and balance disorder. Gait and balance disorder following a minor stroke or TIA may be attributed to cognitive function in these patients.

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“…Finally, Harrison et al 52 reported in 100 diabetic patients that only 20% use appropriate footwear, according to measurement length and width. Furthermore, several studies have reported an increase in podiatric pathologies with aging 53 , 54 . In our study, the podiatric examination detected that 88.68% of the participants present some type of podiatric pathology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Footwear and Foot Deformities in patients with Parkinson's disease: A Case-Series Study

Novo-Trillo¹,

López‐López²,

Labra³

et al. 2021

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and complex neurological problem. Gait abnormalities are frequent in PD patients, and this increases the risk of falls. However, little is known about foot deformities and footwear in this vulnerable population. Here we investigate whether patients with PD use an appropriate shoe size and know if they have foot deformities or alterations. Methodology: A study of a series of observational descriptive cases in a convenience sample (n = 53 patients) diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. One trained investigator evaluated foot and ankle health. The footwear and foot measurements were obtained using a Brannock device. Results: The podiatric examination and footwear examination detected a high presence of podiatric pathologies and inappropriate footwear. This has a negative impact on the quality of life of these patients. Conclusions: This research detected an elevated number of people with foot deformities or alterations. Moreover, a high proportion of participants with PD wear inadequate footwear (in length, width, or both).

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Sex Differences in Frail Older Adults with Foot Pain in a Spanish Population: An Observational Study

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

A Narrative Review on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Factors

A Narrative Review on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Gait and Balance Disorder in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke

Impact of Footwear and Foot Deformities in patients with Parkinson's disease: A Case-Series Study

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