Sex differences in coping and depression among young adults

Hänninen, Vilma; Aro, Hillevi

doi:10.1016/0277-9536(96)00045-7

Cited by 137 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…For example, in their study of depressed patients, Billings and Moos (1984) found that women used emotional discharge more frequently than men. The greater depressiveness of women might be due partly to their less effective coping (Hanninen and Aro, 1996). In addition, age could also be an origin of individual differences in coping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Personality and Coping: A Study of Twins Reared Apart and Twins Reared Together

Kato

Pedersen

2005

Behav Genet

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The relative importance of genetic and environmental factors for stress coping styles, age and gender differences, and the relationship between coping styles and personality traits were assessed in middle-aged and older adult twins reared apart and reared together, as part of the ongoing Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA). The Billings and Moos Coping Measure was administered to 1339 individual twins (in 446 intact pairs). The mean age was 58.0+/-12.8. Moderate genetic influences and significant gender differences in variance estimates were found for the three coping scales (Problem Solving, Turning to Others, and Avoidance). Turning to Others and Avoidance in women also showed shared rearing environmental influences. In contrast, no age differences in variance estimates were found in this sample. Multivariate model fitting indicated that genetic influences on adults' coping differentially reflect genetic factors in common with personality traits. The sources of covariation also showed significant gender differences.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Personality and Coping: A Study of Twins Reared Apart and Twins Reared Together

Kato

Pedersen

2005

Behav Genet

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“…306 The effects of adverse life experiences are mediated by personality characteristics, attributional style and coping. 307,308 Several authors have suggested the possibility that women appraise some threatening events as more stressful than men. 309,310 It has also been reported that for women, life events appear to be less controllable and more negative.…”

Section: Biopsychological Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonergic vulnerability and depression: assumptions, experimental evidence and implications

et al. 2006

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In recent years, the term serotonergic vulnerability (SV) has been used in scientific literature, but so far it has not been explicitly defined. This review article attempts to elucidate the SV concept. SV can be defined as increased sensitivity to natural or experimental alterations of the serotonergic (5-HTergic) system. Several factors that may disrupt the 5-HTergic system and hence contribute to SV are discussed, including genetic factors, female gender, personality characteristics, several types of stress and drug use. It is explained that SV can be demonstrated by means of manipulations of the 5-HTergic system, such as 5-HT challenges or acute tryptophan depletion (ATD). Results of 5-HT challenge studies and ATD studies are discussed in terms of their implications for the concept of SV. A model is proposed in which a combination of various factors that may compromise 5-HT functioning in one person can result in depression or other 5-HT-related pathology. By manipulating 5-HT levels, in particular with ATD, vulnerable subjects may be identified before pathology initiates, providing the opportunity to take preventive action. Although it is not likely that this model applies to all cases of depression, or is able to identify all vulnerable subjects, the strength of the model is that it may enable identification of vulnerable subjects before the 5-HT related pathology occurs. Molecular Psychiatry ( Keywords: serotonin; mood disorders; stress; genetics; sex; tryptophan Involvement of serotonin in depressionMood disorders are one of the most prevalent forms of mental illness. 1 According to the DSM-IV, the lifetime risk for major depressive disorder is between 10 and 25% for women and between 5 and 12% for men. 2 Depression has been studied intensively during the last few decades, but the psychological and neurobiological determinants of depression have not yet been precisely defined. Although several factors are known to contribute to the etiology of depression, it is not clear how these factors cause depression, and why some subjects become depressed while others remain unaffected. In terms of biological factors in the etiology of depression, there are several hypotheses. These include neurotransmitter dysfunctions (serotonin, 5-HT; dopamine, DA; norepinephrine, NE); dysregulations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity; and immune system imbalance. The aim of this article is not to discuss all of these hypotheses in detail, but to evaluate the role that serotonin may play within these hypothesized mechanisms.It is widely accepted that diminished serotonergic (5-HTergic) function is involved in the onset and course of depression. 3,4 The 5-HTergic system is a large and complex system. Although nearly all cell bodies of 5-HTergic neurons are located in the raphe nuclei in the brain stem, the axons of these neurons innervate almost the entire brain. The actions of 5-HT are mediated by 16 types and subtypes of receptors. 5 As the 5-HTergic system is assumed to be a modulatory system, the exact func...

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“…The Finnish modification contains 14-items: 13 for depression and one for anxiety and it has shown good reliability and validity in screening the Finnish population. 15 Depression is defined as mild at a score of 5-7, moderate, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], and severe at 16 or more. Anxiety is defined as mild (score 1), moderate (score 2) or severe (score 3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome according to different diagnostic criteria in a non‐selected adult population

Hillilä

Färkkilä

2004

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

124

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Summary Background : Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome shows great variation among epidemiological studies, which may be due to different diagnostic criteria. Aim : To assess prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome according to various diagnostic criteria and to study differences in symptom severity, psychopathology, and use of health care resources between subjects fulfilling different diagnostic criteria. Methods : A questionnaire was mailed to 5000 randomly selected adults. Presence of irritable bowel syndrome was assessed by four diagnostic criteria: Manning 2 (at least two Manning symptoms), Manning 3 (at least three Manning symptoms), Rome I and Rome II. Results : Response rate was 73%. Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome by Manning 2, Manning 3, Rome I and Rome II criteria was 16.2%, 9.7%, 5.6%, and 5.1% respectively. Of those fulfilling Rome II criteria, 97% fulfilled Manning 2. Severe or very severe abdominal pain was reported by 27–30% of Manning‐positive subjects, and 44% of Rome‐positives. Prevalence of depression in Manning 2, and Rome II groups was 30.6 and 39.3%. Conclusions : Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome by Rome II criteria is considerably lower than by Manning criteria. Subjects fulfilling Rome criteria form a subgroup of Manning‐positive subjects with more severe abdominal symptoms, more psychopathology, and more frequent use of the health care system.

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Sex differences in coping and depression among young adults

Cited by 137 publications

References 31 publications

Personality and Coping: A Study of Twins Reared Apart and Twins Reared Together

Personality and Coping: A Study of Twins Reared Apart and Twins Reared Together

Serotonergic vulnerability and depression: assumptions, experimental evidence and implications

Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome according to different diagnostic criteria in a non‐selected adult population

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