Sex differences in concentrations of HMGB1 and numbers of pigmented monocytes in infants and young children with malaria

Kanoi, Bernard N.; Egwang, Thomas G.

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2021.102387

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Studies indicate that in malaria infection, increased expression of high mobility group box-1 is observed, which interacts with cell surface receptors such as toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), leading to the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13) [289,[291][292][293].…”

Section: Effects Of Lycopene As An Immunomodulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Benefits of Lycopene Consumption: Rationale for Using It as an Adjuvant Treatment for Malaria Patients and in Several Diseases

et al. 2022

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Malaria is a disease that affects thousands of people around the world every year. Its pathogenesis is associated with the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and lower levels of micronutrients and antioxidants. Patients under drug treatment have high levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in the body tissues, which limits the use of these drugs. Therefore, several studies have suggested that RONS inhibition may represent an adjuvant therapeutic strategy in the treatment of these patients by increasing the antioxidant capacity of the host. In this sense, supplementation with antioxidant compounds such as zinc, selenium, and vitamins A, C, and E has been suggested as part of the treatment. Among dietary antioxidants, lycopene is the most powerful antioxidant among the main carotenoids. This review aimed to describe the main mechanisms inducing oxidative stress during malaria, highlighting the production of RONS as a defense mechanism against the infection induced by the ischemia-reperfusion syndrome, the metabolism of the parasite, and the metabolism of antimalarial drugs. Furthermore, the effects of lycopene on several diseases in which oxidative stress is implicated as a cause are outlined, providing information about its mechanism of action, and providing an evidence-based justification for its supplementation in malaria.

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Section: Effects Of Lycopene As An Immunomodulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Benefits of Lycopene Consumption: Rationale for Using It as an Adjuvant Treatment for Malaria Patients and in Several Diseases

et al. 2022

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“…HMOs also act as soluble decoy receptors which pre-empt pathogen attachment to host cells [2]. Finally, HMOs induce specific microbiota which are important for the development of immunity [2,17] and sex differences in microbiota composition [18] and innate immune responses have been reported in malaria patients [19]. Mechanistic studies of HMOs and malaria outcomes in children must be undertaken to obtain useful insights about the mechanisms of breastfeeding-mediated protection.…”

Section: Methods Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-dependent associations between human milk oligosaccharides and malaria outcomes in breastfeeding Ugandan children

Mwangi,

Owalla,

Moukarzel

et al. 2024

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Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), whose compositions vary between secretor and non-secretor mothers, protect breastfeeding children against various diseases. We investigated the relationship between HMOs in Ugandan secretor mothers and malaria outcomes in their children. Malaria outcomes in breastfeeding children followed up over seven months were classified as malaria-free and asymptomatic, mild, or severe malaria. A single human milk sample collected from each mother was analyzed for HMOs. Significantly higher 2’fucosyllactose (2’FL) and lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFP I) concentrations were observed in mothers of malaria-free children, and significantly higher lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) concentrations were observed in mothers of children with asymptomatic malaria. Concentrations of five HMOs, 3-fucosyllactose (3 FL), 3’sialyllactose (3’SL), difucosyllactose (DFLac), lacto-N-fucopentaose II (LNFP II), and sialyllacto-N-tetraose b (LSTb); and two HMOs, difucosyllacto-N-tetrose (DFLNT) and fucosyllacto-N-hexaose (FLNH) were significantly higher in mothers of malaria-infected children and children with severe malaria, respectively. Sex-dependent associations were observed for some HMOs.

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Gender difference in the incidence of malaria diagnosed at public health facilities in Uganda

Okiring

Epstein

Namuganga

et al. 2022

Malar J

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Background Routine malaria surveillance data in Africa primarily come from public health facilities reporting to national health management information systems. Although information on gender is routinely collected from patients presenting to these health facilities, stratification of malaria surveillance data by gender is rarely done. This study evaluated gender difference among patients diagnosed with parasitological confirmed malaria at public health facilities in Uganda. Methods This study utilized individual level patient data collected from January 2020 through April 2021 at 12 public health facilities in Uganda and cross-sectional surveys conducted in target areas around these facilities in April 2021. Associations between gender and the incidence of malaria and non-malarial visits captured at the health facilities from patients residing within the target areas were estimated using poisson regression models controlling for seasonality. Associations between gender and data on health-seeking behaviour from the cross-sectional surveys were estimated using poisson regression models controlling for seasonality. Results Overall, incidence of malaria diagnosed per 1000 person years was 735 among females and 449 among males (IRR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.68–1.77, p < 0.001), with larger differences among those 15–39 years (IRR = 2.46, 95% CI 2.34–2.58, p < 0.001) and over 39 years (IRR = 2.26, 95% CI 2.05–2.50, p < 0.001) compared to those under 15 years (IRR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.41–1.50, p < 0.001). Female gender was also associated with a higher incidence of visits where malaria was not suspected (IRR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.71–1.83, p < 0.001), with a similar pattern across age strata. These associations were consistent across the 12 individual health centres. From the cross-sectional surveys, females were more likely than males to report fever in the past 2 weeks and seek care at the local health centre (7.5% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.001) with these associations significant for those 15–39 years (RR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.17–5.31, p = 0.018) and over 39 years (RR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.00–6.54, p = 0.049). Conclusions Females disproportionately contribute to the burden of malaria diagnosed at public health facilities in Uganda, especially once they reach childbearing age. Contributing factors included more frequent visits to these facilities independent of malaria and a higher reported risk of seeking care at these facilities for febrile illnesses.

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Sex differences in concentrations of HMGB1 and numbers of pigmented monocytes in infants and young children with malaria

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Potential Benefits of Lycopene Consumption: Rationale for Using It as an Adjuvant Treatment for Malaria Patients and in Several Diseases

Potential Benefits of Lycopene Consumption: Rationale for Using It as an Adjuvant Treatment for Malaria Patients and in Several Diseases

Sex-dependent associations between human milk oligosaccharides and malaria outcomes in breastfeeding Ugandan children

Gender difference in the incidence of malaria diagnosed at public health facilities in Uganda

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