Sex differences in cognitive processing: An integrative review of electrophysiological findings

Ramos-Loyo, Julieta; González-Garrido, Andrés A.; Llamas-Alonso, Luis A.; Sequeira, Henrique

doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108370

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 161 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus, different brain activations in men and women do not necessarily imply disparities in behavioral outcomes. It is possible that they rely on partly different cognitive strategies to execute a task while achieving comparable performances (Ramos-Loyo et al, 2022). In our study, both sexes might have employed different cognitive strategies during the assessment that were not reflected in our behavioral measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of age on executive functions in adults is not sex specific

Lemire,

Soulières,

Saint-Amour

2024

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Numerous studies have shown a decrease in executive functions (EF) associated with aging. However, few investigations examined whether this decrease is similar between sexes throughout adulthood. The present study investigated if age-related decline in EF differs between men and women from early to late adulthood. Methods: A total of 302 participants (181 women) aged between 18 and 78 years old completed four computer-based cognitive tasks at home: an arrow-based Flanker task, a letter-based Visual search task, the Trail Making Test, and the Corsi task. These tasks measured inhibition, attention, cognitive flexibility, and working memory, respectively. To investigate the potential effects of age, sex, and their interaction on specific EF and a global EF score, we divided the sample population into five age groups (i.e., 18–30, 31–44, 45–54, 55–64, 65–78) and conducted analyses of covariance (MANCOVA and ANCOVA) with education and pointing device as control variables. Results: Sex did not significantly affect EF performance across age groups. However, in every task, participants from the three youngest groups (< 55 y/o) outperformed the ones from the two oldest. Results from the global score also suggest that an EF decrease is distinctly noticeable from 55 years old onward. Conclusion: Our results suggest that age-related decline in EF, including inhibition, attention, cognitive flexibility, and working memory, becomes apparent around the age of 55 and does not differ between sexes at any age. This study provides additional data regarding the effects of age and sex on EF across adulthood, filling a significant gap in the existing literature.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of age on executive functions in adults is not sex specific

Lemire,

Soulières,

Saint-Amour

2024

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Because sex differences in EEG measurements and sleep patterns/phases have been suggested by some recent studies (Cave & Barry, 2021; Ramos‐Loyo et al, 2022), we investigated sex differences in PTE during sleep transitions. But as mentioned in the Supplement, we did not find a significant difference between males and females, probably due to the small sample size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the cortical network during sleep stage transitions

Song

Lian

Wang

et al. 2022

J of Neuroscience Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sleep state transitions are closely related to insomnia, drowsiness, and sleep maintenance. However, how the cortical network varies during such a transition process remains unclear. Changes in the cortical interaction during the short‐term process of sleep stage transitions were investigated. In all, 40 healthy young participants underwent overnight polysomnography. The phase transfer entropy of six frequency bands was obtained from 16 electroencephalography channels to assess the strength and direction of information flow between the cortical regions. Differences in the cortical network between the first and the last 10 s in a 40‐s transition period across wakefulness, N1, N2, N3, and rapid eye movement were, respectively, studied. Various frequency bands exhibited different patterns during the sleep stage transitions. It was found that the mutual transitions between the sleep stages were not necessarily the opposite. More significant changes were observed in the sleep deepening process than in the process of sleep awakening. During sleep stage transitions, changes in the inflow and outflow strength of various cortical regions led to regional differences, but for the entire sleep progress, such an imbalance did not intensify, and a dynamic balance was instead observed. The detailed findings of variations in cortical interactions during sleep stage transition promote understanding of sleep mechanism, sleep process, and sleep function. Additionally, it is expected to provide helpful clues for sleep improvement, like reducing the time required to fall asleep and maintaining sleep depth.

show abstract

“…Based on available data, the chosen control variables for this study included age (65–79, 80–89, 90–99, over 100), sex (male, female), marital status (living with/ without spouse), schooling years (No schooling, 1–6 years, and over 7 years), residence (urban, rural), financial support (sufficient/insufficient financial support), smoking status (smoking, no smoking) and alcohol consumption (drinking, no drinking). Among them, age ( 37 ), sex ( 38 ), marital status ( 39 ), schooling years ( 40 ), residence ( 30 ), and financial support ( 41 ) were common socio-demographic variables, which can reflect the basic characteristics and social background of older people, and are also important factors affecting the frequency of playing Mahjong and cognitive function. Smoking status ( 42 ) and alcohol consumption ( 43 ) serve as indicators of healthy habits, potentially impacting the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, thereby affecting the cognitive function and the frequency of playing Mahjong among older people.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal associations between the frequency of playing Mahjong and cognitive functioning among older people in China: evidence from CLHLS, 2008–2018

Zhu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundCognitive decline is prevalent among older adults, often resulting in decreased capabilities for self-care and a diminished quality of life. Mahjong, a culturally cherished and extensively played intellectual game in China, demands considerable cognitive function. While the cognitive benefits of playing Mahjong have been widely accepted, this study investigates an under explored aspect and aimed to ascertain the game’s potential contributions toward bolstering self-care abilities, enhancing overall quality of life, and mitigating against rising societal healthcare costs.MethodsThe data analyzed in the study is collected from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) with cognitive functioning being assessed through the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The frequency of playing Mahjong was measured through a self-reported questionnaire. Multiple linear regression models, latent variable growth models, and cross-lagged models were used to investigate the longitudinal relationship between game frequency and cognitive function in older people.ResultsOf the 7,535 participants, the mean (SD) age was 81.96 (10.53) years. There were 7,308 (97%), 4,453 (59%), and 1,974 (26%) participants in 2011, 2014, and 2018, respectively. The results showed that Mahjong players had significantly higher MMSE scores compared to non-players from 2008 to 2018 (β = 0.893; p < 0.001), and non-players had significantly lower scores in 2011, 2014, and 2018 than in 2008 (β = −1.326, −0.912, −0.833; Ps > 0.05). Moreover, the frequency of playing Mahjong was associated with improved various cognitive domains. The declining frequency of playing Mahjong was substantially associated with the declining rate of MMSE scores (r = 0.336; p < 0.001). Mahjong frequency showed positive effects on MMSE scores, while the influence of Mahjong on MMSE scores were not significant.ConclusionPlaying Mahjong has a positive influence on the cognitive functioning among older people. It can help buffer against the decline in cognitive function and maintain cognitive function levels. The higher frequency of playing Mahjong is associated with improved reaction, attention and calculation, and self-coordination. A decline in the frequency of playing Mahjong was associated with a declining rate of cognitive function. The higher frequency of playing Mahjong among older people unilaterally influenced the improvement of cognitive function levels in older people in China.

show abstract

Sex differences in cognitive processing: An integrative review of electrophysiological findings

Cited by 9 publications

References 161 publications

The effect of age on executive functions in adults is not sex specific

The effect of age on executive functions in adults is not sex specific

Changes in the cortical network during sleep stage transitions

Longitudinal associations between the frequency of playing Mahjong and cognitive functioning among older people in China: evidence from CLHLS, 2008–2018

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About