Sex Differences in Cognition: The Role of Testosterone and Sexual Orientation

Neave, Nick; Menaged, Meyrav; Weightman, D.

doi:10.1006/brcg.1999.1125

Cited by 110 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…These findings add to growing evidence for cross-sex shifts in the neuropsychological profiles of homosexual males as predicted by the theory of neurohormonal differentiation (Ellis & Ames, 1987). They have parallels to prior work demonstrating female-typical performance by homosexual males in other cognitive functions, such as poorer scores on mental rotation and improved verbal abilities (Gladue et al, 1990;Hall & Kimura, 1995;McCormick & Witelson, 1991;Neave et al, 1999a;Sanders & Ross-Field, 1987;Wegesin, 1998a). They also augment findings that homosexual females do not show sex-atypical cognitive functions comparable to homosexual men.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…However, some reports failed to replicate these effects (Gladue & Bailey, 1995;Tuttle & Pillard, 1991). More recent investigations confirm the sex-atypical differences for homosexual males (Neave et al, 1999a;Wegesin, 1998a). The few studies that have tested homosexual females show sex-typical performance on mental rotation, spatial perception and verbal fluency (that is, no different from heterosexual females), whereas a male-typical trend has been reported on targeting tasks (e.g., Hall & Kimura, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Sexual orientation related differences in spatial memory

Rahman

Wilson

Abrahams

2003

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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The purpose of this study was to investigate and extend previously reported sex differences in object location memory by comparing the performance of heterosexual and homosexual males and females. Subjects were 240 healthy, right-handed heterosexual and homosexual males and females. They were instructed to study 16 common, gender-neutral objects arranged randomly in an array and subsequently tested for object recall, object recognition and spatial location memory. Females recalled significantly more objects than males, although there were no group differences in object recognition. Decomposition of significant interactions between sex and sexual orientation on spatial location memory (controlling for differences in object recall, age and IQ) revealed that heterosexual females and homosexual males scored better than heterosexual males, and no different from each other. There were no differences between homosexual and heterosexual females. The findings suggest that homosexual males and heterosexual females encode, store and retrieve positional and relational information about spatial layouts similarly, pointing to within-sex variations in the neural architecture underlying spatial memory. (JINS, 2003, 9, 376-383.)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Sexual orientation related differences in spatial memory

Rahman

Wilson

Abrahams

2003

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…Contrarily, some authors did not accept any significant association between testosterone and spatial cognition Kampen & Sherwin, 1996;Herlitz & Lovén, 2009). An inverse U-shaped relation between testosterone and spatial cognition was also reported, that is, the optimal performance was found in moderately high levels of testosterone (Shute et al, 1983;Gouchie & Kimura, 1991;Moffat & Hampson, 1996;Alexander et al, 1998;Neave, et al, 1999). With regard to handedness, significant relationships have been found between testosterone and spatial ability in right-handers, but not in left-handers (Moffat & Hampson, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Serum Free Testosterone and Estradiol Levels in Perceptual-Verbal and Spatial Abilities;Differences in Sex and Hand Preference

Tan¹

2012

Sex Hormones

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“…In humans, Moffat and Hampson (1996) and Neave, Menaged, and Weightman (1999) demonstrated that salivary testosterone is positively correlated with performance on spatial tasks in women. Gouchie and Kimura (1991) demonstrated that levels of salivary testosterone are correlated with performance on spatial and mathematical tasks in women, and Postma et al (2000) demonstrated that testosterone injection enhances memory for object locations.…”

Section: Dhea and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%