Sex differences in brain size, stature and intelligence in children and adolescents: some evidence from Estonia

Lynn, Richard; Allïk, Jüri; Must, Olev

doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(99)00215-9

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Lynn attributes the consensus that there is no sex difference in general intelligence to a failure to note this age effect. Further evidence supporting the theory that males obtain higher IQs from the age of 16 years has been provided by Lynn, Allik, and Must (2000), Lynn, Allik, Pullmann, and Laidra (2002), Lynn, Allik, and Irwing (2004), and Colom and Lynn (2004). The only independent support for Lynn's thesis has come from Nyborg (2003, p. 209), who has reported on the basis of research carried out in Denmark that there is no significant sex difference in g in children, but among adults, men have a significant advantage of 5.55 IQ points.…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

Sex differences in means and variability on the progressive matrices in university students: A meta‐analysis

Irwing

Lynn

2005

British J of Psychology

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221

102

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A meta-analysis is presented of 22 studies of sex differences in university students of means and variances on the Progressive Matrices. The results disconfirm the frequent assertion that there is no sex difference in the mean but that males have greater variability. To the contrary, the results showed that males obtained a higher mean than females by between .22d and .33d, the equivalent of 3.3 and 5.0 IQ conventional points, respectively. In the 8 studies of the SPM for which standard deviations were available, females showed significantly greater variability (F(882,656) = 1.20, p < .02), whilst in the 10 studies of the APM there was no significant difference in variability (F(3344,5660) = 1.00, p > .05).

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confidence: 74%

Sex differences in means and variability on the progressive matrices in university students: A meta‐analysis

Irwing

Lynn

2005

British J of Psychology

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221

102

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“…These differences need to be placed in the context of several previous studies focusing on the evaluation of sex differences in language localization and lateralization. These studies have found various differences in language and white matter characteristics between sexes (e.g., (Allendorfer et al, 2011; Schmithorst and Holland, 2006)) which are relatively easy to explain because of the sex differences in e.g., brain size in children (Lynn et al, 2000) or adults (Davison Ankney, 1992; Gur et al, 1999), familiar sinistrality (Szaflarski et al, 2002; Tzourio-Mazoyer et al, 2010b), hormonal exposure during pregnancy (especially testosterone) (Lust et al, 2010), or using the psychometrically defined “extreme male brain” theory that postulates that the “male brain” is much better at systemizing (i.e., analyzing) than the “female brain” that is much better at empathizing (Baron-Cohen, 2002). In our data, the impact of head size on the interaction of LI with handedness and age was not significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left-handedness and language lateralization in children

et al. 2012

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This fMRI study investigated the development of language lateralization in left- and right-handed children between 5 and 18 years of age. Twenty-seven left-handed children (17 boys, 10 girls) and 54 age- and gender-matched right-handed children were included. We used functional MRI at 3T and a verb generation task to measure hemispheric language dominance based on either frontal or temporo-parietal regions of interest (ROIs) defined for the entire group and applied on an individual basis. Based on the frontal ROI, in the left-handed group, 23 participants (85%) demonstrated left-hemispheric language lateralization, 3 (11%) demonstrated symmetric activation, and 1 (4%) demonstrated right-hemispheric lateralization. In contrast, 50 (93%) of the right-handed children showed left-hemisphere lateralization and 3 (6%) demonstrated a symmetric activation pattern, while one (2%) demonstrated a right- hemisphere lateralization. The corresponding values for the temporo-parietal ROI for the left-handed children were 18 (67%) left-dominant, 6 (22%) symmetric, 3 (11%) right-dominant and for the right-handed children 49 (91%), 4 (7%), 1 (2%). Left-hemispheric language lateralization increased with age in both groups but somewhat different lateralization trajectories were observed in girls when compared to boys. The incidence of atypical language lateralization in left-handed children in this study was similar to that reported in adults. We also found similar rates of increase in left-hemispheric language lateralization with age between groups (i.e., independent of handedness) indicating the presence of similar mechanisms for language lateralization in left- and right-handed children.

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“…In response to this criticism, Lynn presented further data on sex differences on the Progressive Matrices that confirmed his thesis of a male advantage from the age of 16 years into adulthood (Colom & Lynn, 2004;Lynn, Allik, & Irwing, 2004;Lynn, Allik, & Must, 2000;Lynn, Allik, Pullmann, & Laidra, 2002;Pullmann, Allik, & Lynn, 2004). He also published a metaanalysis of sex differences on the Progressive Matrices among general population samples that confirmed his thesis of a male advantage from the age of 16 years reaching 5 IQ points among adults into adulthood , and a metaanalysis of sex differences on the Progressive Matrices among college student samples that concluded that males have an advantage of 4.6 IQ points (Irwing & Lynn, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Sex differences on Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices among 6 to 18year olds in Sudan

et al. 2015

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Sex differences in brain size, stature and intelligence in children and adolescents: some evidence from Estonia

Cited by 26 publications

References 6 publications

Sex differences in means and variability on the progressive matrices in university students: A meta‐analysis

Sex differences in means and variability on the progressive matrices in university students: A meta‐analysis

Left-handedness and language lateralization in children

Sex differences on Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices among 6 to 18year olds in Sudan

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