Sex differences in bedbug nymphs, <i>Cimex lectularius</i>

Langer, Lucas; Froschauer, Christin; Reinhardt, Klaus

doi:10.1111/jen.12823

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…These authors also perceived the oval pseudo-segment structure by optical microscopy on the fifth instar female nymph. Langer et al (2020) show that male and female bed bug nymphs can be easily and reliably separated by the pointedness of their abdomen in the last nymphal instar, allowing the isolation of the sexes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Morphological studies of Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758 (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

Kawasima¹,

Paiva

Belintani

et al. 2022

RCHE

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In the family Cimicidae, the genus Cimex stands out for its importance in public health. These hemipterans are known as “bed bugs” and their presence generally indicates poor hygiene and poverty. Cimex lectularius is a hematophagous insect and has a global distribution. In Brazil, control occurs indirectly, due to the control of other vectors. The real knowledge of the epidemiological situation is still compromised by under-reporting. To contribute to the knowledge of the biology and taxonomy of these hematophagous insects, the morphological characters of adults and the five nymphal instars of C. lectularius were analyzed and characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Morphological study by SEM allowed the characterization of eggshell, each nymphal instar, the sexual differentiation of fifth instar nymphs, female, and male external genitalia. In this study it was possible to evaluate the morphological characters of C. lectularius, of all five nymphs’ instars. It is relevant to characterize the morphology of these insects, since the results obtained can contribute to the control actions, as well as to the taxonomic studies of this species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Morphological studies of Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758 (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

Kawasima¹,

Paiva

Belintani

et al. 2022

RCHE

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“…Early SD and other related traits in insects have been studied in a few groups of Hemiptera, including hematophagous heteropteran bugs (bed bugs, Cimicidae) [45], Chagas disease vectors (Reduviidae, Triatominae) [46,47], and in phytophagous species of the genus Apiomorpha Rübsaamen, 1894 (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, and Eriococcidae). In the latter, sexual dimorphism is linked to variations in dispersal and preference for settling sites between the sexes during the crawler stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Sexual Dimorphism of First Instar Nymphs of the Giant Stick Insect, Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray, 1835, from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Costa,

Torres,

Paschoaletto

et al. 2023

Animals

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The first instar nymphs, both male and female, of the giant stick insect Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray, 1835 were carefully described and measured, revealing a remarkable sexual dimorphism that is considered rare among insects and is poorly explored in the order Phasmida. The studied F1 nymphs originated in captivity from eggs laid by a coupled female specimen collected in the Atlantic Forest in the vicinity of Petrópolis city, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The first instar nymphs of C. phyllinus were measured and illustrated in high-resolution photographs to show the general aspects and details of sexually dimorphic traits, making clear the phenotypic differences in the sexes. A total of 100 nymphs were kept alive until morphological sexual dimorphism was confirmed and quantified. All recently hatched first instar nymphs were separated based on the presumed male and female characteristics, i.e., the presence and absence of the suture in the metanotum in the males and females, respectively, had their sexes confirmed in 100% of the specimens as previously assigned. These results confirm this new morphological trait, which here is named “alar suture” as sex-specific in the first instar nymphs, a novelty in this stage of development of sexual differentiation. In addition, the distinct conformations of the last three abdominal sternites of both sexes were recorded.

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“…Nymphs at the fifth instar were taken from either F4-V1, F4-V6, and F4-V48 lines and were fed on 1 mL of human blood for 30 min. To quantify Wolbachia density over the nymph-to-adult transition, 5DPF fifth instars were sampled for both sexes, the sex being determined at that stage by a combination of approaches described previously in Langer et al (2020) . One week after the fifth instar feeding, residual nymphs were discarded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, feeding, and sex shape the relative quantity of the nutritional obligatory symbiont Wolbachia in bed bugs

Poulain,

Rosinski,

Henri

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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The common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, is a hemipteran insect that feeds only on blood, and whose bites cause public health issues. Due to globalization and resistance to insecticides, this pest has undergone a significant and global resurgence in recent decades. Blood is an unbalanced diet, lacking notably sufficient B vitamins. Like all strict hematophagous arthropods, bed bugs host a nutritional symbiont supplying B vitamins. In C. lectularius, this nutritional symbiont is the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia (wCle). It is located in specific symbiotic organs, the bacteriomes, as well as in ovaries. Experimental depletion of wCle has been shown to result in longer nymphal development and lower fecundity. These phenotypes were rescued by B vitamin supplementation. Understanding the interaction between wCle and the bed bug may help to develop new pest control methods targeting the disruption of this symbiotic interaction. The objective of this work was thus to quantify accurately the density of wCle over the life cycle of the host and to describe potential associated morphological changes in the bacteriome. We also sought to determine the impact of sex, feeding status, and aging on the bacterial population dynamics. We showed that the relative quantity of wCle continuously increases during bed bug development, while the relative size of the bacteriome remains stable. We also showed that adult females harbor more wCle than males and that wCle relative quantity decreases slightly in adults with age, except in weekly-fed males. These results are discussed in the context of bed bug ecology and will help to define critical points of the symbiotic interaction during the bed bug life cycle.

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Sex differences in bedbug nymphs, Cimex lectularius

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Morphological studies of Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758 (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

Morphological studies of Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758 (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

Unraveling the Sexual Dimorphism of First Instar Nymphs of the Giant Stick Insect, Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray, 1835, from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Development, feeding, and sex shape the relative quantity of the nutritional obligatory symbiont Wolbachia in bed bugs

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