Sex differences in acetylcholine-induced sweating responses due to physical training

Inoue, Yoshimitsu; Ichinose-Kuwahara, Tomoko; Funaki, Chie; Ueda, Hiroyuki; Tochihara, Yutaka; Kondo, Narihiko

doi:10.1186/1880-6805-33-13

Cited by 40 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…The primary means by which the body gains heat is from metabolism (which is directly proportional to exercise intensity) and the environment, therefore these factors are also the primary determinants of sudomotor activity [142, 144]. Factors such as body size [145–148], body composition [145], sex [2, 68, 149–151], or wearing protective clothing/equipment [152–154], which (directly or indirectly) impact metabolic heat gain and/or heat loss capacity, can modify SR. Ambient temperature [142, 143], solar radiation [155–157], and wind [158, 159] impact the sudomotor response through their effects on body heat exchange with the environment (see Table 2 for more information). It is also important to note that sweating is not 100% efficient because some secreted sweat can drip from the body and not be evaporated.…”

Section: Intra/interindividual Sources Of Variability In Sweating Ratmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sweating Rate and Sweat Sodium Concentration in Athletes: A Review of Methodology and Intra/Interindividual Variability

2017

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Athletes lose water and electrolytes as a consequence of thermoregulatory sweating during exercise and it is well known that the rate and composition of sweat loss can vary considerably within and among individuals. Many scientists and practitioners conduct sweat tests to determine sweat water and electrolyte losses of athletes during practice and competition. The information gleaned from sweat testing is often used to guide personalized fluid and electrolyte replacement recommendations for athletes; however, unstandardized methodological practices and challenging field conditions can produce inconsistent/inaccurate results. The primary objective of this paper is to provide a review of the literature regarding the effect of laboratory and field sweat-testing methodological variations on sweating rate (SR) and sweat composition (primarily sodium concentration [Na+]). The simplest and most accurate method to assess whole-body SR is via changes in body mass during exercise; however, potential confounding factors to consider are non-sweat sources of mass change and trapped sweat in clothing. In addition, variability in sweat [Na+] can result from differences in the type of collection system used (whole body or localized), the timing/duration of sweat collection, skin cleaning procedure, sample storage/handling, and analytical technique. Another aim of this paper is to briefly review factors that may impact intra/interindividual variability in SR and sweat [Na+] during exercise, including exercise intensity, environmental conditions, heat acclimation, aerobic capacity, body size/composition, wearing of protective equipment, sex, maturation, aging, diet, and/or hydration status. In summary, sweat testing can be a useful tool to estimate athletes’ SR and sweat Na+ loss to help guide fluid/electrolyte replacement strategies, provided that data are collected, analyzed, and interpreted appropriately.

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Section: Intra/interindividual Sources Of Variability In Sweating Ratmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sweating Rate and Sweat Sodium Concentration in Athletes: A Review of Methodology and Intra/Interindividual Variability

2017

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“…The endothelial muscarinic receptor agonist acetylcholine, or its analogue methacholine, induces cutaneous vasodilatation (Fujii, Halili, Singh, Meade, & Kenny, ; Gagnon, Crandall, & Kenny, ; Inoue et al., ; Kimura, Low, Keller, Davis, & Crandall, ; Patik, Christmas, Hurr, & Brothers, ; Tucker, Six, Moyen, Satterfield, & Ganio, ). This muscarinic cutaneous vasodilatation is mediated in part through nitric oxide synthase‐related mechanisms (Fujii et al., ; Kellogg, Zhao, Coey, & Green, ; Medow, Glover, & Stewart, ) and is commonly employed to assess cutaneous endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The endothelial muscarinic receptor agonist acetylcholine, or its analogue methacholine, induces cutaneous vasodilatation (Fujii, Halili, Singh, Meade, & Kenny, 2015a;Gagnon, Crandall, & Kenny, 2013;Inoue et al, 2014;Kimura, Low, Keller, Davis, & Crandall, 2007;Patik, Experimental Physiology. 2019;104:1801-1807 wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/eph 1801 1802 FUJII ET AL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageing augments nicotinic and adenosine triphosphate‐induced, but not muscarinic, cutaneous vasodilatation in women

Fujii

McGarr

Sigal

et al. 2019

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings What is the central question of this study?Does ageing augment muscarinic, nicotinic and/or ATP‐mediated cutaneous vasodilatation in women? What is the main finding and its importance?Ageing augments nicotinic and ATP‐induced, but not muscarinic, cutaneous vasodilatation in women. This will stimulate future studies assessing the pathophysiological significance of the augmented microvascular responsiveness in older women compared to their young counterparts. Abstract We previously reported that ageing attenuates adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐induced, but not muscarinic and nicotinic, cutaneous vasodilatation in men, and that ageing may augment cutaneous vascular responses in women. In the present study, we evaluated the hypothesis that ageing augments muscarinic, nicotinic and/or ATP‐mediated cutaneous vasodilatation in healthy women. In 11 young (23 ± 5 years) and 11 older (60 ± 8 years) women, cutaneous vascular conductance was evaluated at three forearm skin sites that were perfused with (1) methacholine (muscarinic receptor agonist, 5 doses: 0.0125, 0.25, 5, 100, 2000 mm), (2) nicotine (nicotinic receptor agonist, 5 doses: 1.2, 3.6, 11, 33, 100 mm), or (3) ATP (purinergic receptor agonist, 5 doses: 0.03, 0.3, 3, 30, 300 mm). Each agonist was administered for 25 min per dose. Methacholine‐induced increases in cutaneous vascular conductance were not different between groups at all doses (all P > 0.05). However, a nicotine‐induced elevation in cutaneous vascular conductance at the lowest concentration (1.2 mm) was greater in older vs. young women (43 ± 15 vs. 26 ± 10%max, P = 0.04). ATP‐induced increases in cutaneous vascular conductance at moderate and high doses (3 and 30 mm) were also greater in older relative to young women (3 mm, 44 ± 11 vs. 28 ± 10%max, P = 0.02; 30 mm, 83 ± 14 vs. 64 ± 17%max, P = 0.05). Therefore, ageing augments nicotinic and ATP‐induced, but not muscarinic, cutaneous vasodilatation in women.

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“…There is increasing evidence demonstrating that cutaneous vascular and sweating responses differ between men and women (Kellogg et al 2001;Gagnon & Kenny, 2012;Quinton et al 2012;Gagnon et al 2013;Greaney et al 2014;Inoue et al 2014;Stanhewicz et al 2014;Fujii et al 2015a). Furthermore, although no study is currently available in humans in vivo, in vitro studies suggest that the ageing effect might affect men and women in different ways, including age-related vascular dysfunction (Barsha et al 2016;Costa et al 2016;Penna et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostacyclin does not affect sweating but induces skin vasodilatation to a greater extent in older versus younger women: roles of NO and K_Ca channels

Fujii

McNeely

Nishiyasu

et al. 2017

Experimental Physiology

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What is the central question of this study? It remains unknown whether ageing modulates prostacyclin-induced cutaneous vasodilatation in women. What is the main finding and its importance? Prostacyclin induced cutaneous vasodilatation, albeit the magnitude of increase at lower concentrations of prostacyclin was greater in older relative to young women. This response was associated with greater contributions of nitric oxide synthase and calcium-activated potassium channels. Our results suggest that administration of prostacyclin might be an effective therapy to reverse microvascular hypoperfusion, especially in older women. We previously reported that prostacyclin induces cutaneous vasodilatation but not sweating in younger and older men. Furthermore, we demonstrated that nitric oxide synthase and calcium-activated potassium (K ) channels contribute to the prostacyclin-induced cutaneous vasodilatation in younger men, although these contributions are diminished in older men. Given that the effects of ageing might differ between men and women, the above results cannot simply be applied to women. In this study, cutaneous vascular conductance and sweat rate were evaluated in younger (mean ± SD, 22 ± 3 years old) and older (55 ± 7 years old) women (10 per group) at four intradermal forearm skin sites treated as follows: (i) lactated Ringer solution without any drug (control); (ii) 10 mm N -nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA), a non-specific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; (iii) 50 mm tetraethylammonium (TEA), a non-specific K channel blocker; or (iv) 10 mm l-NNA plus 50 mm TEA. All four sites were co-administered with prostacyclin in an incremental manner (0.04, 0.4, 4, 40 and 400 μm, each for 25 min). Surprisingly, increases in cutaneous vascular conductance in response to 0.04-4 μm prostacyclin were greater in older relative to younger women (all P ≤ 0.05), and these age-related differences were diminished when both l-NNA and TEA were administered simultaneously (all P > 0.05). No effect on sweat rate was observed in either group (all concentrations, P > 0.05). We show that although prostacyclin does not mediate sweating, it induces cutaneous vasodilatation, and this response elicited by lower concentrations of prostacyclin is greater in older relative to younger women. This greater cutaneous vasodilatation in older women is likely to be attributable to nitric oxide synthase- and K channel-dependent mechanisms.

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Sex differences in acetylcholine-induced sweating responses due to physical training

Cited by 40 publications

References 19 publications

Sweating Rate and Sweat Sodium Concentration in Athletes: A Review of Methodology and Intra/Interindividual Variability

Sweating Rate and Sweat Sodium Concentration in Athletes: A Review of Methodology and Intra/Interindividual Variability

Ageing augments nicotinic and adenosine triphosphate‐induced, but not muscarinic, cutaneous vasodilatation in women

Prostacyclin does not affect sweating but induces skin vasodilatation to a greater extent in older versus younger women: roles of NO and K_Ca channels

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Sex differences in acetylcholine-induced sweating responses due to physical training

Cited by 40 publications

References 19 publications

Sweating Rate and Sweat Sodium Concentration in Athletes: A Review of Methodology and Intra/Interindividual Variability

Sweating Rate and Sweat Sodium Concentration in Athletes: A Review of Methodology and Intra/Interindividual Variability

Ageing augments nicotinic and adenosine triphosphate‐induced, but not muscarinic, cutaneous vasodilatation in women

Prostacyclin does not affect sweating but induces skin vasodilatation to a greater extent in older versus younger women: roles of NO and KCa channels

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Prostacyclin does not affect sweating but induces skin vasodilatation to a greater extent in older versus younger women: roles of NO and K_Ca channels