Sex differences and institutionalization in the word associations of schizophrenics.

Abstract

153number of loose associations under high stress, and the reactives were predicted to show greater improvement when low stress was compared with high stress. These predictions were based on a theoretical orientation that suggested that process schizophrenics show lower levels of cognitive development with idiosyncratic thought processes and, thus, would show little improvement from high to low stress, while reactives manifest a high level of cognitive development and more normal thought processes, which are interfered with or fragmented by stress. These predictions were supported by the results of the study. 2. BLEULER, E. Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias. (Trans. by J. Zenkin). New York: International Universities Press, 1950. 3. DEWOLFE, A. S. Self-reports and case histories of schizophrenic patients: reliability and validity of Phillips scale ratings. J . clin. Psychol., 1968, 24, 415-418. 4. DEWOLFE, A. S. Cognitive structure and pathology in the associations of process and reactive schizophrenics. J. abn. Psychol., 1971, 78, 148-153. 5. DEWOLFE, A. S. Objective and projective measures and the process-reactive distinction in schizophrenia. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, September 1971. DEWOLFE, A. S. A word association measure of severity of current symptoms in schizophrenia.

Examining the chapman and chapman theory of schizophrenia through continuous word association with two nosological systems

“…In addition, for the present sample logical relatedness does not distinguish among schizophrenics, manic disorders, and schizoaffective disorder patients. It has been demonstrated in previous studies by Moran (1966) and DeWolfe and McDonald (1972) that the degree of relatedness index is a sensitive discriminator between schizophrenics and controls, and members of our own research group also have found relatedness to distinguish between schizophrenics and nonschizophrenic patient controls (Gordon et al, 1982;Silverstein & Harrow, 1983a). In a recent study of word association characteristics that used a parallel RDC-diagnosed sample, the degree of relatedness measure did not distinguish schizophrenics from controls using more contemporary restrictive diagnostic definitions of schizophrenia, comparing schizophrenics with other psychotic patient groups (Rattenbury, Silverstein, DeWolfe, Kaufman, & Harrow, 1983).…”

Differences in Word Association Commonality of Schizophrenics: The self-editing-deficit model vs. the partial-collapse-of-response-hierarchy hypothesis

“…Such findings may account, further, for inconsistencies in previous studies of schizophrenic commonality (cf. DeWolfe & McDonald, 1972).…”

“…AGE, INTELLIGENCE, AND ADJUSTMENT COMPARISONS OF SCHIZOPHRENICS, NEUROTICS, AND Correlated means t-test between schizophrenic and neurotic groups (N = 26 pairs). bcorrelated means t-test between schizophrenic and control groups (N = 23 pairs).Ss were considerably younger and spent fewer years institutionalized than Ss of previous studies (cf DeWolfe & McDonald, 1972;. …”

“…Despite difficulties with this scoring method (cf. DeWolfe & McDonald, 1972), schizophrenics have been found to make lower commonality scores under free association conditions. Two accounts of this finding are those of Lisman and Cohen (1972) and Broen and Storms (1966).…”

Word association: Multple measures and multiple meanings

“…(1953,1966) and DeWolfe and McDonald (1972). The index itself is a 5-point scale based on the extent to which a word connotes a meaning or attribute of another word or thought.…”