Sex difference in 5HT2 receptor in the living human brain

Biver, Françoise; Lotstra, Françoise; Monclus, Michel; Wikler, David; Damhaut, Philippe; Mendlewicz, Julien; Goldman, Serge

doi:10.1016/0304-3940(96)12307-7

Cited by 164 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The following basic gender differences have been observed: in males the rates of CNS serotonin synthesis are approximately 50% higher than that in females (Nishizawa et al, 1997); studies (Jonsson et al, 2000;Williams et al, 2003) have shown that CSF 5 HIAA is higher in women than in men; 5 HT1a and 5 HT2 receptor density is lower in the brains of women than men (Biver et al, 1996;Costes et al, 2005); and selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI) have greater efficacy in females, as compared to males (Kornstein et al, 2000`). It is possible that sex differences in serotonergic function may contribute to the enhanced risk for depression found in women (Piccinelli & Wilkinson, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations among central nervous system serotonergic function and neuroticism are moderated by gender

Brummett

Boyle

Kuhn

et al. 2008

Biological Psychology

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Serotonergic dysregulation is associated with negative affect. Plasma prolactin responses to a tryptophan enhancement challenge are used as a measure of central nervous system serotonergic activity. We examined prolactin responses to a tryptophan challenge as they relate to the personality domains of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Participants were 67 volunteers. Regression models assessed peak prolactin response to intravenous tryptophan infusion as a predictor of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Prolactin X gender product terms included to examine moderation by gender. Models were adjusted for baseline levels of prolactin, age, and race. Gender moderated the association between N and prolactin level (p<.03). Higher levels of N were associated with decreased levels of prolactin responses in females, whereas the opposite was true for males. Remaining personality domains were not related to prolactin levels. Findings add to literature suggesting the serotonin system functions differently, in important ways, in males and females.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations among central nervous system serotonergic function and neuroticism are moderated by gender

Brummett

Boyle

Kuhn

et al. 2008

Biological Psychology

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“…A PET ␣-[ 11 C]methyl-L-tryptophan study suggests that ATD leads to greater decreases in brain 5-HT synthesis in women than in men (Nishizawa et al 1997). Differences between healthy men and women have also been observed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (higher in women) (Agren et al 1986), neuroendocrine responses to 5-HT challenges (larger in women) (Goodwinn et al 1992) and 5-HT 2 receptor binding in several parts of the central nervous system (CNS) (lower in women) (Biver et al 1996). On the basis of these studies, it can be concluded that, at least in healthy subjects, there are gender differences in 5-HT metabolism in the CNS and in the periphery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Mood Response to Acute Tryptophan Depletion A Reanalysis

Booij

Does

Benkelfat

et al. 2002

Neuropsychopharmacology

166

134

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Acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) induces depressive symptoms in 50-Acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) is a technique used to study serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) brain function in mood disorders. In this paradigm, 5-HT function is temporarily lowered by deprivation of its precursor L -Tryptophan (Trp), an amino acid essential for 5-HT synthesis. It has been suggested that behavioral response to ATD might be informative about the pathophysiology of clinical depression and the mechanisms mediating antidepressant efficacy.A number of studies have demonstrated that ATD temporarily induces depressive symptoms in remitted depressive patients treated with antidepressant medication (Delgado et al. 1990; Spillman et al. 2001). The recurrence of symptoms appears to be highest in subjects treated with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) (Delgado et al. 1990(Delgado et al. , 1994(Delgado et al. , 1999.However, not all patients react to ATD; even in SSRItreated patients, ATD exacerbates symptoms in 50-60% of investigated patients (Van der Does 2001a). This raises the question of what factors determine response to ATD. It has been argued that induced depressive

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“…104 The average firing activity of 5-HT neurons has also been found to be higher in males than in cycling females. 105 Human CSF studies suggest that the rate of brain 5-HT metabolism is higher in females than in males 106,107 while 5-HT 2 receptor-binding capacity in some brain regions 108 and whole brain 5-HT synthesis 109 are lower in women than in men. Women also appear to have lower 5-HTT binding than men.…”

Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonergic vulnerability and depression: assumptions, experimental evidence and implications

et al. 2006

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In recent years, the term serotonergic vulnerability (SV) has been used in scientific literature, but so far it has not been explicitly defined. This review article attempts to elucidate the SV concept. SV can be defined as increased sensitivity to natural or experimental alterations of the serotonergic (5-HTergic) system. Several factors that may disrupt the 5-HTergic system and hence contribute to SV are discussed, including genetic factors, female gender, personality characteristics, several types of stress and drug use. It is explained that SV can be demonstrated by means of manipulations of the 5-HTergic system, such as 5-HT challenges or acute tryptophan depletion (ATD). Results of 5-HT challenge studies and ATD studies are discussed in terms of their implications for the concept of SV. A model is proposed in which a combination of various factors that may compromise 5-HT functioning in one person can result in depression or other 5-HT-related pathology. By manipulating 5-HT levels, in particular with ATD, vulnerable subjects may be identified before pathology initiates, providing the opportunity to take preventive action. Although it is not likely that this model applies to all cases of depression, or is able to identify all vulnerable subjects, the strength of the model is that it may enable identification of vulnerable subjects before the 5-HT related pathology occurs. Molecular Psychiatry ( Keywords: serotonin; mood disorders; stress; genetics; sex; tryptophan Involvement of serotonin in depressionMood disorders are one of the most prevalent forms of mental illness. 1 According to the DSM-IV, the lifetime risk for major depressive disorder is between 10 and 25% for women and between 5 and 12% for men. 2 Depression has been studied intensively during the last few decades, but the psychological and neurobiological determinants of depression have not yet been precisely defined. Although several factors are known to contribute to the etiology of depression, it is not clear how these factors cause depression, and why some subjects become depressed while others remain unaffected. In terms of biological factors in the etiology of depression, there are several hypotheses. These include neurotransmitter dysfunctions (serotonin, 5-HT; dopamine, DA; norepinephrine, NE); dysregulations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity; and immune system imbalance. The aim of this article is not to discuss all of these hypotheses in detail, but to evaluate the role that serotonin may play within these hypothesized mechanisms.It is widely accepted that diminished serotonergic (5-HTergic) function is involved in the onset and course of depression. 3,4 The 5-HTergic system is a large and complex system. Although nearly all cell bodies of 5-HTergic neurons are located in the raphe nuclei in the brain stem, the axons of these neurons innervate almost the entire brain. The actions of 5-HT are mediated by 16 types and subtypes of receptors. 5 As the 5-HTergic system is assumed to be a modulatory system, the exact func...

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Sex difference in 5HT2 receptor in the living human brain

Cited by 164 publications

References 22 publications

Associations among central nervous system serotonergic function and neuroticism are moderated by gender

Associations among central nervous system serotonergic function and neuroticism are moderated by gender

Predictors of Mood Response to Acute Tryptophan Depletion A Reanalysis

Serotonergic vulnerability and depression: assumptions, experimental evidence and implications

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