Sex determination: insights from the chicken

Smith, Craig A.; Sinclair, Andrew H.

doi:10.1002/bies.10400

Cited by 310 publications

(266 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Unlike primates, the earliest female-specific cells that appear in developing gonads of the other vertebrates are cytochrome P450 aromatase-expressing cells (Jeyasuria and Place, 1998;Smith and Sinclair, 2004;Suzuki et al, 2004). Aromatase is the key enzyme that converts androgen to estrogen, and the resultant estrogen is important for oocyte growth and the formation of reproductive tissues (Leung and Armstrong, 1980;Nagahama, 1987;Tanaka et al, 1995;Fukada et al, 1996;Suzuki et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two distinct types of theca cells in the medaka gonad: Germ cell‐dependent maintenance of cyp19a1‐expressing theca cells

Nakamura

Kurokawa

Asakawa

et al. 2009

Developmental Dynamics

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Aromatase is a steroidogenic enzyme catalyzing the production of estrogens and is important for the proper development and function of the reproductive system. The lineage of cyp19a1 (ovarian-type aromatase)-expressing cells in the developing gonad was analyzed using a transgenic medaka (Oryzias latipes) that recapitulates endogenous cyp19a1 expression with EGFP fluorescence. Our results show that cyp19a1-expressing cells arise in the ventral stromal cells of the developing female gonad, then expand anteriorly as the gonadal region extends anteriorly. These cells become located close to the developing follicles, and are distinguishable from the P450c17-I-expressing theca cells. In the adult ovary, the expression of P450c17-I and cyp19a1 are mutually exclusive in the outer theca-cell layer. Cyp19a1 expression in the granulosa cells is found only in the population of large follicles. These observations demonstrate two types of theca cells in the medaka ovary. We also show that the maintenance of cyp19a1-expressing cells depends on germ cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two distinct types of theca cells in the medaka gonad: Germ cell‐dependent maintenance of cyp19a1‐expressing theca cells

Nakamura

Kurokawa

Asakawa

et al. 2009

Developmental Dynamics

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“…AMH is expressed after stage 25, and the many genes of sex determination are expressed 3 days after incubation. The gonads of chicken embryos are ''indifferent'' or ''bipotential'' at days 3.5-4.5, being morphologically indistinguishable between the sexes (Smith and Sinclair 2004). PGCs may have affected these development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of blood containing primordial germ cells between chicken eggs development of embryonic reproductive tract

et al. 2007

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The present study was carried out to investigate development of recipient chicken embryonic reproductive tracts which are transferred chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs). It is thought that differentiation of PGCs is affected by the gonadal somatic cells. When female PGCs are transferred to male embryos, it is possible that they differentiate to W-spermatogonia. However, the relationship development between PGCs and gonads has not been investigated. At stage 12-15 of incubation of fertilized eggs, donor PGCs, which were taken from the blood vessels of donor embryos, were injected into the blood vessels of recipient embryos. The gonads were removed from embryos that died after 16 days of incubation and from newly hatched chickens and organs were examined for morphological and histological features. The survival rate of the treated embryos was 13.6% for homo-sexual transfer of PGCs (male PGCs to male embryo or female PGCs to female embryo) and 28.9% for hetero-sexual transfer PGCs (male PGCs to female embryo or female PGCs to male embryo) when determined at 15 days of incubation. The gonads of embryos arising from homo-sexual transfer appeared to develop normally.In contrast, embryos derived from hetero-sexual transfer of PGCs had abnormal gonads as assessed by histological observation. These results suggest that hetero-sexual transfer of PGCs may influence gonadal development early-stage embryos.

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“…Sex may be determined by Z chromosome dosage (two for a male, one for a female), or it could depend upon a female gene carried on the W sex chromosome. These two possibilities are known as the Z dosage and dominant W hypotheses respectively and they are not necessarily mutually exclusive (Ellegren 2000;Smith and Sinclair 2004;Ellegren et al 2007). Which of these applies?…”

Section: The Molecular Mechanism Of Avian Sex Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gonadal development has been most extensively studied in the Chicken embryo (Clinton 1998;Mizuno et al 2002;Smith and Sinclair 2004). Those few other birds that have been examined at the embryonic stages show a broadly similar pattern of gonadal morphogenesis (Gasc 1978).…”

Section: Gonadal Sex Differentiation In Avian Embryosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rowley Review

Smith

2010

Emu - Austral Ornithology

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Abstract. In birds, sex determination occurs at fertilisation by the inheritance of sex chromosomes. This review summarises our current understanding of sex determination in birds, with emphasis on the molecular genetics of male versus female development during embryonic life. Recent studies in the Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) have revealed some remarkable features of avian sex determination, such as the finding that sex appears to be determined autonomously within cells throughout the body, and the demonstration that the key, sex-linked gene, DMRT1, is required for testis formation and hence male development. However, despite these recent advances, the mechanism of avian sex determination is still not entirely clear. Understanding sex determination in birds has important implications for the conservation of threatened species, and for the global poultry industry.

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Sex determination: insights from the chicken

Cited by 310 publications

References 89 publications

Two distinct types of theca cells in the medaka gonad: Germ cell‐dependent maintenance of cyp19a1‐expressing theca cells

Two distinct types of theca cells in the medaka gonad: Germ cell‐dependent maintenance of cyp19a1‐expressing theca cells

Transfer of blood containing primordial germ cells between chicken eggs development of embryonic reproductive tract

Rowley Review

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