Sex determination in the dioecious Melandrium album: androgenic embryogenesis requires the presence of the X chromosome

Veuskens, J.; Ye, D.; Oliveira, Margarida; Ciupercescu, D. D.; Installé, P.; Verhoeven, H. A.; Negrutiu, Ioan

doi:10.1139/g92-002

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Females are the homogametic sex, XX, and males are heterogametic, XY . The Y chromosome in S. latifolia seems to lack essential genes present on the X because plants are not viable unless they have at least one X chromosome [Veuskens et al, 1992].…”

Section: Identification Of a Novel Retrotransposon With Sex Chromosommentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Novel Retrotransposon with Sex Chromosome-Specific Distribution in Silene latifolia

Králová

Čegan

Kubát

et al. 2014

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Silene latifolia is a dioecious plant species with chromosomal sex determination. Although the evolution of sex chromosomes in S. latifolia has been the subject of numerous studies, a global view of X chromosome structure in this species is still missing. Here, we combine X chromosome microdissection and BAC library screening to isolate new X chromosome-linked sequences. Out of 8 identified BAC clones, only BAC 86M14 showed an X-preferential signal after FISH experiments. Further analysis revealed the existence of the Athila retroelement which is enriched in the X chromosome and nearly absent in the Y chromosome. Based on previous data, the Athila retroelement belongs to the CL3 group of most repetitive sequences in the S. latifolia genome. Structural, transcriptomics and phylogenetic analyses revealed that Athila CL3 represents an old clade in the Athila lineage. We propose a mechanism responsible for Athila CL3 distribution in the S. latifolia genome.

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Section: Identification Of a Novel Retrotransposon With Sex Chromosommentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Novel Retrotransposon with Sex Chromosome-Specific Distribution in Silene latifolia

Králová

Čegan

Kubát

et al. 2014

Cytogenet Genome Res

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“…The large inversion that has been detected in the Y of S. latifolia , covering a region of at least 23.9 cM in the X, does not seem to be the cause for the lack of recombination, but seems to have taken place after suppression of recombination (Zluvova et al, 2005). The lethality of YY seedlings and the non-viability of haploid Y plants indicates that the Y of this species has lost essential genes and is therefore degenerate (Ye et al, 1990;Veuskens et al, 1992), although Vagera et al (1994) reported the development of dihaploid fertile male plants (2n = 22 + YY) obtained by in vitro androgenesis.…”

Section: Sex Chromosome Structure In Different Plant Systems Covers Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant sex chromosomes: molecular structure and function

Jamilena

Mariotti

Manzano³

2008

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Recent molecular and genomic studies carried out in a number of model dioecious plant species, including Asparagus officinalis, Carica papaya, Silene latifolia, Rumex acetosa and Marchantia polymorpha, have shed light on the molecular structure of both homomorphic and heteromorphic sex chromosomes, and also on the gene functions they have maintained since their evolution from a pair of autosomes. The molecular structure of sex chromosomes in species from different plant families represents the evolutionary pathway followed by sex chromosomes during their evolution. The degree of Y chromosome degeneration that accompanies the suppression of recombination between the Xs and Ys differs among species. The primitive Ys of A. officinalis and C. papaya have only diverged from their homomorphic Xs in a short male-specific and non-recombining region (MSY), while the heteromorphic Ys of S. latifolia, R. acetosa and M. polymorpha have diverged from their respective Xs. As in the Y chromosomes of mammals and Drosophila, the accumulation of repetitive DNA, including both transposable elements and satellite DNA, has played an important role in the divergence and size enlargement of plant Ys, and consequently in reducing gene density. Nevertheless, the degeneration process in plants does not appear to have reached the Y-linked genes. Although a low gene density has been found in the sequenced Y chromosome of M. polymorpha, most of its genes are essential and are expressed in the vegetative and reproductive organs in both male and females. Similarly, most of the Y-linked genes that have been isolated and characterized up to now in S. latifolia are housekeeping genes that have X-linked homologues, and are therefore expressed in both males and females. Only one of them seems to be degenerate with respect to its homologous region in the X. Sequence analysis of larger regions in the homomorphic X and Y chromosomes of papaya and asparagus, and also in the heteromorphic sex chromosomes of S. latifolia and R. acetosa, will reveal the degenerative changes that the Y-linked gene functions have experienced during sex chromosome evolution.

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“…As a result, the sex chromosomes arrive at the metaphase plate later than the other chromosomes. As in Rumex, the Y-chromosome seems to lack essential genes present on the X because plants are not viable unless they have at least one X-chromosome (Veuskens et al, 1992). Studies with polyploid and aneuploid plants showed that the Y-chromosome carries male determining genes that convert the female default developmental program to male (Warmke and Blakeslee, 1939;Westergaard, 1940Westergaard, ,1946Westergaard, , 1958.…”

Section: Genetics Of Gender Determination Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of sex determination in flowering plants

et al. 1994

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Most flowering plant species are hermaphroditic, but a small number of species in most plant families are unisexual (i.e., an individual will produce only male or female gametes). Because species with unisexual flowers have evolved repeatedly from hermaphroditic progenitors, the mechanisms controlling sex determination in flowering plants are extremely diverse. Sex is most strongly determined by genotype in all species but the mechanisms range from a single controlling lacus to sex chromosomes bearing several linked loci required for sex determination. Plant hormones also influence sex expression with variable effects from species to species. Here, we review the genetic control of sex determination from a number of plant species to illustrate the variety of extant mechanisms. We emphasize species that are now used as models to investigate the molecular biology of sex determination. We also present our own investigations of the structure of plant sex chromosomes of white campion (Silene latifolia = Melandrjum album). The cytogenetic basis of sex determination in white campion is similar to mammals in that it has a male-specific Y-chromosome that carries dominant male determining genes. If one copy of this chromosome is in the genome, the plant is male. Otherwise it is female. Like mammalian Y-chromosomes, the white campion Y-chromosome is rich in repetitive DNA. We isolated repetitive sequences from microdissected Y-chromosomes of white campion to study the distribution of homologous repeated sequences on the Y-chromosome and the other chromosomes. We found the Y to be especially rich in repetitive sequences that were generally dispersed over all the white campion chromosomes. Despite its repetitive character, the Y-chromosome is mainly euchromatic. This may be due to the relatively recent evolution of the white campion sex chromosomes compared to the sex chromosomes of animals.

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Sex determination in the dioecious Melandrium album: androgenic embryogenesis requires the presence of the X chromosome

Cited by 30 publications

References 9 publications

Identification of a Novel Retrotransposon with Sex Chromosome-Specific Distribution in <b><i>Silene latifolia</i></b>

Identification of a Novel Retrotransposon with Sex Chromosome-Specific Distribution in <b><i>Silene latifolia</i></b>

Plant sex chromosomes: molecular structure and function

Genetics of sex determination in flowering plants

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