Sex determination in Chlamydomonas

Goodenough, Ursula; Lin, Huawen; Lee, Jae‐Hyeok

doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.02.006

Cited by 127 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Chlorella species, including symbionts of P. bursaria, have been observed only in the haploid phase (Pickett-Heaps, 1975;Gerashchenko et al, 2001;Kadono et al, 2004), but the presence of meiosis genes suggests that NC64A also has a diploid phase and that its sexual reproductive cycle might have been overlooked, like the cryptic sex recently identified in Ostreococcus species (Grimsley et al, 2010). In addition, we found 19 NC64A homologs of the Chlamydomonas gametolysin proteins that promote the disassembly of the gametic cell walls and allow gamete fusion as well as an NC64A ortholog (id:137637) to the Chlamydomonas GCS1 protein essential for cell fusion (Goodenough et al, 2007). These results suggest that meiosis and sexual reproduction are part of the NC64A life cycle.…”

Section: Evidence Of Sexual Reproduction In Chlorellamentioning

confidence: 70%

The Chlorella variabilis NC64A Genome Reveals Adaptation to Photosymbiosis, Coevolution with Viruses, and Cryptic Sex

et al. 2010

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Chlorella variabilis NC64A, a unicellular photosynthetic green alga (Trebouxiophyceae), is an intracellular photobiont of Paramecium bursaria and a model system for studying virus/algal interactions. We sequenced its 46-Mb nuclear genome, revealing an expansion of protein families that could have participated in adaptation to symbiosis. NC64A exhibits variations in GC content across its genome that correlate with global expression level, average intron size, and codon usage bias. Although Chlorella species have been assumed to be asexual and nonmotile, the NC64A genome encodes all the known meiosis-specific proteins and a subset of proteins found in flagella. We hypothesize that Chlorella might have retained a flagella-derived structure that could be involved in sexual reproduction. Furthermore, a survey of phytohormone pathways in chlorophyte algae identified algal orthologs of Arabidopsis thaliana genes involved in hormone biosynthesis and signaling, suggesting that these functions were established prior to the evolution of land plants. We show that the ability of Chlorella to produce chitinous cell walls likely resulted from the capture of metabolic genes by horizontal gene transfer from algal viruses, prokaryotes, or fungi. Analysis of the NC64A genome substantially advances our understanding of the green lineage evolution, including the genomic interplay with viruses and symbiosis between eukaryotes.

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Section: Evidence Of Sexual Reproduction In Chlorellamentioning

confidence: 70%

The Chlorella variabilis NC64A Genome Reveals Adaptation to Photosymbiosis, Coevolution with Viruses, and Cryptic Sex

et al. 2010

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“…Moreover, in Volvox carteri, RegA plays a central role as a master regulatory gene in germ-soma differentiation by suppression of reproductive activities in somatic cells (Babinger et al 2006). These findings and additionally accumulating data suggest that stress responses and development of land plants and green algae are mainly regulated by gene expression at the transcription level (Shinozaki and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki 2007;Goodenough et al 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Visualization of Nuclear Localization of Transcription Factors with Cyan and Green Fluorescent Proteins in the Red Alga Porphyra yezoensis

et al. 2009

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Running titleFollowing molecular cloning and characterization of transcription factors DP-E2F-like 1 (PyDEL1), transcription elongation factor 1 (PyElf1) and multiprotein bridging factor 1 (PyMBF1), we then demonstrated that ZsGFP and AmCFP can be used to visualize nuclear localization of PyElf1 and PyMBF1. This is the first report to perform visualization of subcellular localization of transcription factors as genome-encoded proteins in red algae.3

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“…In Chlamydomonas, the gene minus dominance (MID; GenBank accession no. U92071; specific to mt À strains and consequently not present in the sequenced strain, i.e., CC-503 cw92 mt 1 ; Goodenough et al 2007) is required for expression of minus-specific gamete-specific genes in response to nitrogen deprivation (Ferris and Goodenough 1997;Lin and Goodenough 2007). Another TF in this family, NIT2, is a positively acting regulatory gene of the nitrate assimilation pathway (Camargo et al 2007) (GenBank accession no.…”

Section: Transcription Factors In Eukaryotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Transcription Factors: A Chlamydomonas Overview

et al. 2008

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Transcription factors (TFs) control gene expression by interacting with cis-elements in target gene promoters. Transcription regulators (TRs) assist in controlling gene expression through interaction with TFs, chromatin remodeling, or other mechanisms. Both types of proteins thus constitute master controllers of dynamic transcriptional networks. To uncover such control elements in the photosynthetic green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we performed a comprehensive analysis of its genome sequence. In total, we identified 234 genes encoding 147 TFs and 87 TRs of $40 families. The set of putative TFs and TRs, including their transcript and protein sequences, domain architectures, and supporting information about putative orthologs, is available at http:/ /plntfdb.bio.uni-potsdam.de/v2.0/. Twelve of 34 plant-specific TF families were found in at least one algal species, indicating their early evolutionary origin. Twenty-two plant-specific TF families and one plant-specific TR family were not observed in algae, suggesting their specific association with developmental or physiological processes characteristic to multicellular plants. We also analyzed the occurrence of proteins that constitute the light-regulated transcriptional network in angiosperms and found putative algal orthologs for most of them. Our analysis provides a solid ground for future experimental studies aiming at deciphering the transcriptional regulatory networks in green algae.

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Sex determination in Chlamydomonas

Cited by 127 publications

References 110 publications

The Chlorella variabilis NC64A Genome Reveals Adaptation to Photosymbiosis, Coevolution with Viruses, and Cryptic Sex

The Chlorella variabilis NC64A Genome Reveals Adaptation to Photosymbiosis, Coevolution with Viruses, and Cryptic Sex

Visualization of Nuclear Localization of Transcription Factors with Cyan and Green Fluorescent Proteins in the Red Alga Porphyra yezoensis

Green Transcription Factors: A Chlamydomonas Overview

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