Sex Determination from Sacrum and Coccyx measurements using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Sample of Egyptian Population

Elkhateeb, Shereen Ahmed; Elhamed, Marwa Elsayed Abd; Hamed, Mona; Amer, Marwa AbdEl-Moniem

doi:10.21608/zjfm.2020.52547.1069

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Magnetic resonance imaging with three-dimensional (3-D) radiographs has been found to be the best and most effective method for the measurement and morphological estimation of skeletal elements or bones in the gender estimation process. Using the Magnetic Resonance Imaging the anterior sacral length and posterior sacral length were found to be the best parameters for sex determination with an accuracy rate of 71.9% and 71.5% respectively in an Egyptian Population [21]. Hayashizaki et al stated that image processing tools such as the Fourier transform can be used to analyze the curved shape of bones [27].…”

Section: Radiological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Determination by Pelvis: A Mini Literature Review

Joon¹,

Rohatgi²

2022

IJRASET

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An endeavor involving the application of physical anthropology in the context of civil or criminal cases is forensic anthropology. Determination of sex is the matter of absolute attention for a forensic anthropologist as it is the first step towards positive identification process after discovering the skeletal or bone remains of human origin. Pelvic Girdle is the most sexually dimorphic part of human skeleton which estimates the result with an accuracy of 95% and along with sacrum i.e. pelvis it estimates the sex with 98% accuracy and it decomposes slowly than other parts. Sex can be estimated by skeletal remains only in adults as the marked variations on bones be in terms of morphology or size are visible only after attaining puberty. Methods involved in sex estimation process are Morphological, Metric and Radiological. The Morphological method accords the result by considering the morphological sexual traits on pelvis and in contrary the Metric method involves measurement of bones and indices. Metric recipe should be applied in combination with Morphological results as Morphometric in order to get more accurate results. Whereas, in radiological recipe radiographs of collected remains are taken from which certain measurements and morphologic observations can be carried out. Quantitative and statistical analysis can be done using these mentioned methods. Skeletal features may vary with population. Bones are very frail in nature so, in turn, cannot be collected fully thus when fragmented remains are collected the morphometric method is of ultimate importance in the estimation process.

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Section: Radiological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Determination by Pelvis: A Mini Literature Review

Joon¹,

Rohatgi²

2022

IJRASET

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“…Isaac et al in a Nigerian population, Kumar et al in an Arabian population, Bakici et al in a Turkish population, and Mishra et al, Arora et al, Kumar et al, and Parashuram et al in an Indian population [2,5,9,11-14] (Table 4). Other researchers including Elkhateeb et al in an Egyptian population and Sachdeva et al, Ravichandran et al, and Bhanarkar et al in an Indian population reported lower values in female sacra[1,4,15,16] (Table4). In the ROC analysis, we observed that the maximum breadth had a lesser AUC value of 0.654, which is comparable to the finding of Bakici et al (AUC value = 0.55).…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…These differences may be attributed to the varying stature and hormonal difference in both sexes. Furthermore, in females, the pelvic bones are structurally adapted to facilitate childbirth [ 4 ]. Morphometric determination of sex from pelvic bones becomes particularly vital when only partial or fragmented remains are available where the morphology is equivocal [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Sexual Dimorphism of the Human Sacrum Based on Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Analysis of Morphometric Parameters

Saluja¹,

Tigga²,

Das³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Background Sex estimation of unidentified incomplete skeletons poses a challenge to paleoanthropologists and forensic experts. The sacrum is a part of the axial skeleton and contributes to the formation of the pelvic girdle. It is a significant bone for the identification of the sex in the human skeletal system due to associated functional differences of the pelvic bones in males and females. However, there is a lack of cognizance of different morphometric parameters of the sacrum which may be crucial for determining sex, particularly when a part of the bone is available. This study aimed to recognize the best morphometric parameters for the identification of the sex of the sacrum even when fragmented bones were available and compare the various parameters for sexual dimorphism in different populations. Methodology The study was conducted on 110 dry adult human sacra in the anatomy department. Out of these, 42 sacra were female and 68 were male. Morphometric measurements were performed with the help of a digital vernier caliper. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Morphometric measurements of male and female sacra were compared using Student’s t-test. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to establish the most appropriate cut-off values for each parameter. Results The mean sacral length measured from the promontory to the apex of the sacrum was higher in males compared to females (p < 0.001), whereas the sacral index was higher in female sacra in comparison to male sacra (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the mean height of the first posterior sacral foramina (PSF) was higher in male sacra bilaterally (p < 0.05). On ROC analysis, the area under the curve was 0.994 for the sacral index and 0.862 for the sacral length. Conclusions In this study, the sacral index was noted to be the most important morphometric parameter for the identification of the sex of the sacra. Additionally, the height of the S2 body, the height of the first anterior sacral foramina, and the height of the first PSF can be contemplated with an accuracy of 60-70% if only a part of the sacrum is available for determining the sex. Hence, this study emphasizes the significance of morphometric parameters of the sacrum in the determination of sex, especially in forensic cases when the skull and pelvis are fragmented or unavailable.

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Sex Determination from Sacrum and Coccyx measurements using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Sample of Egyptian Population

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Sex Determination by Pelvis: A Mini Literature Review

Sex Determination by Pelvis: A Mini Literature Review

Determination of Sexual Dimorphism of the Human Sacrum Based on Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Analysis of Morphometric Parameters

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