Sex-dependent changes in emotional memory associated with cerebral blood flow alterations during Alzheimer’s disease progression

Arterial spin labelling magnetic resonance imaging and perfusion patterns in neurocognitive and other mental disorders: a systematic review

“…Some studies reported hyperperfusion in the frontal lobes, left precuneus, right thalamus and right temporal white matter of patients with MCI [ 24 , 48 ]. Regional hyperperfusion also was reported in the thalami [ 24 , 52 ], right paracentral lobule, white matter of the right temporal lobe, right striatum [ 24 ], supplementary motor areas, putamina, left somatosensory cortex [ 47 ] and left middle cingulate cortex of patients with AD [ 52 ], relative to control subjects. Hyperperfusion was attributed to compensatory phenomena counteracting pathophysiology.…”

“…Table 2 summarises findings of the nine (27%) studies comparing patients with MCI to HC or SCD subjects [ 21 , 24 , 34 , 35 , 43 , 47 , 48 , 50 , 52 ]. Table 3 summarises findings of the 14 (42%) studies comparing patients with AD to HC or SCD subjects [ 21 – 24 , 26 , 30 , 32 , 35 , 38 , 47 – 50 , 52 ]. One study comprised patients under medication (i.e.…”

“…Studies comprising patients with MCI reported global cortical [ 21 ] and regional hypoperfusion in the parietal and occipital lobes [ 21 , 24 , 35 , 43 , 50 ], both PCC [ 21 , 34 , 43 ] and the adjacent precunei (which partially overlap and border the PCC [ 64 ]) [ 34 , 43 ], as well as in the frontal lobes [ 21 , 35 , 43 , 48 ], temporal lobes [ 24 , 35 ] and hippocampi [ 34 , 43 ]. Although two studies comprising patients with MCI did not find a significant difference in brain perfusion between these patients and HC subjects [ 47 , 52 ], a statistical interaction revealed that altered perfusion in the right hippocampus was influenced by the number of years of education ( p- value corrected for multiple comparisons < 0.05) [ 52 ].…”

“…In patients with AD, 13 studies found hypoperfusion in the temporal lobes [ 21 , 23 , 24 , 26 , 30 , 32 , 35 , 38 , 47 – 50 , 52 ], nine in the precunei and cingulate cortices [ 21 , 23 , 26 , 30 , 32 , 38 , 49 , 50 , 52 ] and nine in the parietal lobes [ 21 , 23 , 24 , 26 , 35 , 38 , 49 , 50 , 52 ]. The occipital [ 21 , 23 , 24 , 30 , 32 , 35 , 50 ] and frontal [ 21 , 22 , 26 , 30 , 35 , 38 , 48 , 50 ] lobes also were found to be hypoperfused in AD.…”

“…Table 5 summarises findings of the seven (21%) studies comparing patients with AD to those with MCI [ 21 , 24 , 35 , 47 , 48 , 50 , 52 ]. Even though patients with MCI or AD were found to have a similar hypoperfusion pattern, absolute CBF values were lower in those with AD [ 21 , 35 ].…”