Sex dependent alterations in the protein characterization patterns of Haemonchus contortus

Jaiswal, Amit; Sudan, Vikrant; Pandey, Vijay; Singh, Amit; Gaur, Ruchi Singh; Kanojiya, Dharmendra; Nigam, Rajesh; Shanker, Daya

doi:10.1007/s12639-014-0624-2

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, the current study is the first one that has used SEM to explore structural changes in adult worms induced by bamboo leaves. We do note that some cuticular changes have been observed previously in T. colubriformis exposed to chestnut extract-also rich in tannins (Jaiswal et al 2014) Bamboo leaves have a tannin content of 8.81 w/w% based on total tannin content test according to the UGM integrated testing laboratory. The high amount of tannins are able to play a significant role in protein binding and inactivating nematode walls (Widiarso et al 2018).…”

Section: Mortality Rate Of Wormsmentioning

confidence: 75%

The ultrastructure changes of Haemonchus contortus exposed to bamboo leaves (Gigantochloa apus) aqueous extract under in vitro condition

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Widiarso, Nurcahyo W, Kurniasih, Prastowo J. 2021. The ultrastructure changes of Haemonchus contortus exposed to bamboo leaves (Gigantochloa apus) aqueous extract under in vitro condition. Biodiversitas 22: 1-5. The ultrastructural changes induced in adult Haemonchus contortus in vitro using the aqueous extract of bamboo leaves were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The H. contortus adult females were obtained from three groups and treatment was repeated thrice. The first group (T0) was not treated with bamboo leaves; 100% of the worms lived. The second group (T1), treated with 0.1% bamboo leaf-extract, had 50% mortality 4 h after examination. The third group (T2), treated with 1% bamboo leaf-extract, had 100% mortality 4 h after examination. Five worms used per treatment were submerged in ethanol and incubated for 24 hours. The ultrastructural changes observed by SEM revealed structural alteration of the worm surface after in vitro contact with the bamboo leaf aqueous extract and compared to the control worms. The main changes concerned the anterior end or cephalic region, cuticle surface, and vulva flap area. The structural modification of the external part of the female reproductive system was found only in vitro. The structural changes found in the worms exposed to the bamboo leaves might affect their motility and nutrition with possible consequences on their reproduction. Transmission electron microscopy may help to understand the external changes observed in H. contortus.

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Section: Mortality Rate Of Wormsmentioning

confidence: 75%

The ultrastructure changes of Haemonchus contortus exposed to bamboo leaves (Gigantochloa apus) aqueous extract under in vitro condition

et al. 2020

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“…Mubarokah et al [15] stated that A. catechu extract decreased the number of protein bands. Jaiswal et al [33] added that in H. contortus females, there were 35 protein bands. In this study, the decrease in the number of protein bands was caused by secondary metabolites that disrupted the protein binding in the worms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthelmintic effect of Indigofera tinctoria L on Haemonchus contortus obtained from sheep in Indonesia

et al. 2021

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Background and Aim: Hemonchosis has resulted in huge economic losses for sheep farmers worldwide. Secondary metabolite compounds from Indigofera tinctoria L. can be used as anthelmintics. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of I. tinctoria L. aqueous extract (IAE) as an anthelmintic against adult Haemonchus contortus isolated from sheep. Materials and Methods: Ten active adult worms were placed in each Petri dish containing 25 mL of IAE, each having a different concentration of IAE (at concentrations 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, and 220 mg/mL). Each experiment was repeated. The positive control used 1% albendazole, and the negative control used 0.62% saline water. The number of immobile worms and the time of mortality were recorded after 2, 4, 6, and 8 h. The dead worms were subsequently tested using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the in vivo study, 15 sheep with an average fecal egg count (FEC) of 1000 eggs per gram were treated with IAE for 9 days: Group A (negative control, saline water 0.62%), Group B (21 mg/mL), Group C (41 mg/mL), Group D (62 mg/mL), and Group E (positive control, albendazole 100 mg/mL). Measurements of the body weight, FEC reduction test, and hematology testing were performed on days 0, 7, and 14. SEM was performed using worms found from the abomasum of slaughtered sheep. Results: The leaves of I. tinctoria L. contained a number of secondary metabolites, including total tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The most effective concentration that killed the adult H. contortus worms was 220 mg/mL (93.33% mortality) after 8 h of treatment. The electrophoresis results showed that the protein band at a dose of 22% was less than that of the control. The highest FECR value of the treatment group on the 14th day after treatment was at a dose of 62 mg/mL. The highest weight gain as well as the highest increased hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), and total erythrocyte count (TEC) values on the 14th day after treatment were at a dose of 41 mg/mL. The SEM results showed that IAE treatment caused the worms' anterior parts to become wrinkled with thick creases and cuticle abrasion (in vitro) and the anterior part to shrink along with the presence of aggregates in the worm cuticle (in vivo). Conclusion: The aqueous extract of I. tinctoria contains tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids and has an anthelmintic effect with decreased FEC, increased weight gain, Hb, PCV, and TEC, causing damage to the worms' body and reducing the protein profile of adult H. contortus worms.

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“…Anbu and Joshi [ 14 ] reported ~20 polypeptides varying in size from <15 kDa to >150 kDa and Jaiswal et al . [ 15 ] reported a total of 35 polypeptides of different molecular weights in female worms. The present result can be influenced by the presence of tannin in BAE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro potential anthelmintic activity of Biophytum petersianum on Haemonchus contortus

Sambodo¹,

Prastowo²,

Kurniasih³

et al. 2018

Vet World

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Aim:Haemonchus contortus is a major problem in small ruminants in Indonesia. The frequent use of the anthelmintic drugs has given rise to drug-resistant populations which increase the need for new anthelminthic compounds, particularly from endemic plants. This study evaluated the in vitro effects of Biophytum petersianum crude aqueous extract (BAE) as an anthelmintic compound against H. contortus adult worm isolated from goats.Materials and Methods:Adult worm collected from naturally infected abomasums were obtained from slaughtered goats on the day of slaughter. BAE was prepared in six different concentrations (10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/ml) which were tested for their efficacies on ten actively moving worms. Ivermectin (1 mg/ml) was included as a reference drug, while saline water was included as a control. The dead worms from anthelmintic test then went through sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results:Highest mean mortality in treatments group both at 2 h and 4 h observations was BAE 10%. The SDS-PAGE analysis revealed the presence of five protein bands with molecular weights 9.3, 17.1, 50.0, 63.2, and 72.7 kDa based on BAE 10%. The SEM changes observed in the in vitro trials revealed the occurrence of interactions between the BAE and the cuticle.Conclusion:The SEM and SDS-PAGE analysis revealed ultrastructural structural changes and the decrease numbers of polypeptides on treated worms when compared to the control worms. It can thus be concluded that the BAE exhibits good anthelmintic activity against H. contortus adult worm.

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Sex dependent alterations in the protein characterization patterns of Haemonchus contortus

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

The ultrastructure changes of Haemonchus contortus exposed to bamboo leaves (Gigantochloa apus) aqueous extract under in vitro condition

The ultrastructure changes of Haemonchus contortus exposed to bamboo leaves (Gigantochloa apus) aqueous extract under in vitro condition

Anthelmintic effect of Indigofera tinctoria L on Haemonchus contortus obtained from sheep in Indonesia

In vitro potential anthelmintic activity of Biophytum petersianum on Haemonchus contortus

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