Sex, cardiovascular disease, and the inequities of COVID-19

Pyle, W. Glen

doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00416.2022

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…Often, sex is also associated with disease outcome(s). For example, despite being more likely to seek medical care, women receive treatments for similar complaints to men less often than men do, because of clinician implicit bias, thus affecting outcome(s) ( 11 , 12 ). Sex and gender influences are also found in clinical care experiences as women are more likely to be misdiagnosed or have symptomology ignored, and are less often prescribed medications and procedures known to have beneficial effects in such diseases as diabetes and heart disease even when clearly indicated ( 13 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines on the use of sex and gender in cardiovascular research

Usselman,

Lindsey,

Robinson

et al. 2024

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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In cardiovascular research, sex and gender have not typically been considered in research design and reporting until recently. This has resulted in clinical research findings from which not only all women, but also gender-diverse individuals have been excluded. The resulting dearth of data has led to a lack of sex- and gender-specific clinical guidelines and raises serious questions about evidence-based care. Basic research has also excluded considerations of sex. Including sex and/or gender as research variables not only has the potential to improve the health of society overall now, but it also provides a foundation of knowledge on which to build future advances. The goal of this guidelines article is to provide advice on best practices to include sex and gender considerations in study design, as well as data collection, analysis, and interpretation to optimally establish rigor and reproducibility needed to inform clinical decision-making and improve outcomes. In cardiovascular physiology, incorporating sex and gender is a necessary component when optimally designing and executing research plans. The guidelines serve as the first guidance on how to include sex and gender in cardiovascular research. We provide here a beginning path toward achieving this goal and improve the ability of the research community to interpret results through a sex and gender lens to enable comparison across studies and laboratories, resulting in better health for all.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines on the use of sex and gender in cardiovascular research

Usselman,

Lindsey,

Robinson

et al. 2024

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

Self Cite

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Addressing inequalities in cardiovascular health remains an urgent priority

Kousoulis,

Soni,

Cheung

et al. 2023

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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Sex as a biological variable for cardiovascular physiology

Lindsey,

Usselman,

Ripplinger

et al. 2024

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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There have been ongoing efforts by federal agencies and scientific communities since the early 1990's to incorporate sex and/or gender in all aspects of cardiovascular research. Scientific journals provide a critical function as change agents to influence transformation by encouraging submissions for topic areas, and by setting standards and expectations for articles submitted to the journal. As part of ongoing efforts to advance sex and gender in cardiovascular physiology research, The American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology recently launched a call for papers on Considering Sex as a Biological Variable. This call was an overwhelming success, resulting in 78 articles published in this collection. This mini-review summarizes the major themes of the collection, including sex as a biological variable within: endothelial cell and vascular physiology; cardiovascular immunity and Inflammation, metabolism and mitochondrial energy, and extracellular matrix turnover and fibrosis; neurohormonal signaling; and cardiovascular clinical and epidemiology assessments. Several manuscripts also focused on establishing rigor and reproducibility of key physiological measurements involved in cardiovascular health and disease as well as recommendations and considerations for study design. Combined, these articles summarize our current understanding of sex and gender influences on cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology, and provide insight into future directions needed to further expand our knowledge.

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Sex, cardiovascular disease, and the inequities of COVID-19

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Guidelines on the use of sex and gender in cardiovascular research

Guidelines on the use of sex and gender in cardiovascular research

Addressing inequalities in cardiovascular health remains an urgent priority

Sex as a biological variable for cardiovascular physiology

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