Sex-biased dispersal in a rare butterfly and the implications for its conservation

Bennett, Victoria J.; Pack, Shalynn M.; Smith, Winston P.; Betts, Matthew G.

doi:10.1007/s10841-013-9577-5

Cited by 19 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Euphydryas e. taylori population density, degree of habitat fragmentation, habitat restriction, and conspicuously sedentary adult females, appear similar to the Bay checkerspot Euphydryas editha bayensis, a central California subspecies listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (Brussard et al 1974, Harrison et al 1988, Bennett et al 2013. Euphydryas e. taylori, however, relies on a common, widespread, nonnative larval food plant, Plantago lanceolata, and remains imperiled due to exotic grass invasion and a narrow range of microhabitat conditions acceptable for oviposition Warren 2008, Severns andGrosboll 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The E. e. taylori study network was composed of three habitat patches (subpopulations), one that was relatively small (~0.4 ha), another of intermediate area (~0.85 ha), and a third that was relatively large (3.8 ha). The three patches were separated by 100 to 300 m of forest and were also the subject of several movement ecology studies (Bennett et al 2013, Severns and Breed 2014. Combined, the three patches had an average annual adult population size of 819 individuals (± 101 individuals) from .…”

Section: Study Population and Flight Path Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Male harassment, female movements, and genetic diversity in a fragmented metapopulation

Severns

Breed

2018

Ecography

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Interactions with males often alter the short‐term behaviors of reproductive females. Yet, the influence of different internal and external factors, such as sexual conflict, on animal movement and patch dynamics is not well understood. We studied associations between courtship, movements of reproductive females, and genetic diversity in a small, fragmented network of Euphydras editha taylori (Taylor's checkerspot butterfly). In the absence of courtship, female movements (step lengths) were restricted (< 2 m) and tortuous, and females never departed reproductive habitat. However, when courted by males, step lengths increased markedly and movements were straighter (less tortuous). Female habitat departures were associated with interactions between patch identity and courtship. All tracked females remained in reproductive habitat in the smallest patch, whereas 32% of females departed the larger patch (over forest) while eluding courting males. Genotyping (simple sequence repeats – SSRs) suggested low levels of genetic differentiation (Fst ~ 0.02; Analysis of molecular variance p = 0.02) with inter‐patch distances of ≤ 0.3 km. Tests for a recent genetic bottleneck were negative, but heterozygous deficient deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium expectations may indicate a developing bottleneck. Patch‐specific female movement behaviors and the distribution of SSR alleles across the network suggest the possibility of a predominantly unidirectional transfer of reproducing females from the largest to smaller patches, with the smaller patches mostly closed to emigration. Our study suggests short‐lived intraspecific interactions may influence dispersal in unanticipated ways and that understanding these interactions will provide a more holistic view of habitat fragmentation and network functioning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Study Population and Flight Path Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male harassment, female movements, and genetic diversity in a fragmented metapopulation

Severns

Breed

2018

Ecography

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“…Formal research to date on Taylor's checkerspot has focused mostly on the adult stage of the life cycle, including studies of mating and dispersal behavior (Bennett et al 2012(Bennett et al , 2013, female movement behavior (Severns and Breed 2014), oviposition habitat (Grosboll 2011), oviposition preference (Aubrey 2013), and microclimate effects on habitat use (Bennett et al 2014). Ongoing research is focused on habitat preferences of adult butterflies, and on interactions between larvae and host plants.…”

Section: Taylor's Checkerspotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intertwined Fates: Opportunities and Challenges in the Linked Recovery of Two Rare Species

Dunwiddie

Haan

Linders

et al. 2016

Natural Areas Journal

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“…It is also ecologically and morphologically similar to several at‐risk checkerspot subspecies, including the federally listed Taylor's checkerspot ( Euphydryas editha taylori [Bennett et al. ; Severns & Breed ]), Bay checkerspot ( E. editha bayensis [Wahlberg et al. ]), and Quino checkerspot ( E. editha quino [Mattoni et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Baltimore checkerspot butterfly is the state insect of Maryland (U.S.A.), where populations are in decline (Frye et al 2013). It is also ecologically and morphologically similar to several at-risk checkerspot subspecies, including the federally listed Taylor's checkerspot (Euphydryas editha taylori [Bennett et al 2013;Severns & Breed 2014]), Bay checkerspot (E. editha bayensis [Wahlberg et al 2004]), and Quino checkerspot (E. editha quino [Mattoni et al 1997]). [Correction added after online publication on December 20, 2015: spelling of Euphydryas editha taylori corrected.]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimum area requirements for an at‐risk butterfly based on movement and demography

Brown

Crone

2015

Conservation Biology

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Determining the minimum area required to sustain populations has a long history in theoretical and conservation biology. Correlative approaches are often used to estimate minimum area requirements (MARs) based on relationships between area and the population size required for persistence or between species' traits and distribution patterns across landscapes. Mechanistic approaches to estimating MAR facilitate prediction across space and time but are few. We used a mechanistic MAR model to determine the critical minimum patch size (CMP) for the Baltimore checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas phaeton), a locally abundant species in decline along its southern range, and sister to several federally listed species. Our CMP is based on principles of diffusion, where individuals in smaller patches encounter edges and leave with higher probability than those in larger patches, potentially before reproducing. We estimated a CMP for the Baltimore checkerspot of 0.7-1.5 ha, in accordance with trait-based MAR estimates. The diffusion rate on which we based this CMP was broadly similar when estimated at the landscape scale (comparing flight path vs. capture-mark-recapture data), and the estimated population growth rate was consistent with observed site trends. Our mechanistic approach to estimating MAR is appropriate for species whose movement follows a correlated random walk and may be useful where landscape-scale distributions are difficult to assess, but demographic and movement data are obtainable from a single site or the literature. Just as simple estimates of lambda are often used to assess population viability, the principles of diffusion and CMP could provide a starting place for estimating MAR for conservation.

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Sex-biased dispersal in a rare butterfly and the implications for its conservation

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

Male harassment, female movements, and genetic diversity in a fragmented metapopulation

Male harassment, female movements, and genetic diversity in a fragmented metapopulation

Intertwined Fates: Opportunities and Challenges in the Linked Recovery of Two Rare Species

Minimum area requirements for an at‐risk butterfly based on movement and demography

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