Sex as Regulator of Triglyceride Metabolism in the Mosquito

Handel, Emile Van; Lum, P. T. M.

doi:10.1126/science.134.3494.1979

Cited by 133 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Concurrently fat synthesis is reduced and not resumed even when repeated doses of sugar are given. Consequently, in the operated mosquito the glycogen curves resemble the fat curves fAnd the fat curves the glycogen curves of the normal mosquito (Van Handel & Lea, 1965 (Van Handel & Lum, 1961). This composition appeared to be independent of the temperature at which the synthesis took place (Van Handel, 1965b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the male only small reserves (glycogen) are produced from sugar 480 E. VAN HANDEL so that an empty stomach is soon followed by death. When fed on sugar ad libitum, the female A. sollicitans may store fifty times more fat than the male (Van Handel & Lum, 1961). A. sollicitan4s is fed 0 3 cal (0.08 mg) sugar, neither glycogen nor fat is deposited, so that all sugar is used to provide energy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fat content of the female Aedes sollicitans increases from almost zero to more than 50 % of her dry weight, when she is maintained on sugar for a week (Van Handel & Lum, 1961). When starved until glycogen and fat have disappeared, this mosquito can ingest a single dose of sugar solution or a blood meal, the dry weight of which is several times her own dry weight.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The obese mosquito.

Handel¹

1965

The Journal of Physiology

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When food is withheld from animals, caloric reserves are catabolized to provide energy; when re-fed, the food absorbed in excess of immediate metabolic needs is stored as glycogen and fat (triglycerides are often called fat in this paper). The available data on quantitative relations between food consumed and caloric reserves produced are not in proportion to the present interest in obesity. In warm-blooded animals a single meal provides hardly enough energy for a measurable increase of total body fat and glycogen and this may explain the lack of information. Certain cold-blooded animals take meals in excess of their body weight and, without the obligation to maintain constant temperature, may convert a measurable portion of the chemical energy in a single meal to caloric reserves.Certain mosquito species appeared to be uniquely suitable for such energy-balance studies. The fat content of the female Aedes sollicitans increases from almost zero to more than 50 % of her dry weight, when she is maintained on sugar for a week (Van Handel & Lum, 1961). When starved until glycogen and fat have disappeared, this mosquito can ingest a single dose of sugar solution or a blood meal, the dry weight of which is several times her own dry weight. New glycogen and fat pools are produced and grow until the rates of utilization exceed the rates of synthesis. The quantitative relations between a massive dose of sugar or protein and the sizes of the glycogen and fat pool resemble the relations between a tracer dose of precursor and the specific activity of its products in steady-state experiments.The present study describes the growth and decline of the total glycogen and fat pools, produced at constant temperature by meals of sugar, ranging from 0 075 to 3-3 mg per mosquito. METHODSSeveral large collections of female A. sollicitans were brought from the field, as adults do not mate well under laboratory conditions. Their eggs were collected and stored for hatching as needed. A standardized larval rearing method was used throughout (Lea, 1963). Soon

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The obese mosquito.

Handel¹

1965

The Journal of Physiology

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“…In Ae. sollicitans, when the adults were maintained on sugar meal only, females had higher levels of fat than males [42]. When females were starved until no fat remained and then fed on sugar, fat levels increased, and newly synthesized fat appeared, entirely made from sugars [43], further suggesting that optimum fat levels are needed for females to survive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Quality during Development Alters Insulin-Like Peptides Expression and Physiology of the Adult Yellow Fever Mosquito, <em>Aedes aegypti</em>

Pooriirouby¹,

Sharma²,

Beard³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract:Mosquitoes have distinct developmental and adult life history, and the vectorial capacity of females has been shown to be affected by the larval nutritional environment. However, little is known about the effect of developmental nutrition on insulin-signaling and nutrients storage. In this study, we used Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, to determine whether larval nutrition affects insulin gene expression. We also determined the traits regulated by insulin signaling, such as stored-nutrients levels and fecundity. We raised mosquito larvae on two different diets, containing either high protein or high carbohydrates. Development on a highcarbohydrate diet resulted in several life-history phenotypes indicative of suboptimal conditions, including increased developmental time and decreased fecundity. Additionally, our data showed that insulin transcript levels are affected by a high-carbohydrate diet during development.Females, not males, reared on high-carbohydrate diets had much higher transcript levels of insulin-like peptide 3 (ILP3), a mosquito equivalent of human insulin, and these females more readily stored sugar from the meal into lipids. We also found that AaILP4, not AaILP3, transcript levels were much higher in the males after a sugar meal, suggesting sex-specific differences in insulin-signaling pathway. Our findings suggest a conserved mechanism of carbohydratemediated hyperinsulinemia in animals.

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“…Glycogen is used as a source of energy mainly for flight while triglycerides for general maintenance functions such as respiration, excretion, digestion etc (Nayar and Van Handel 1971). In the case of males only small quantities of triglycerides are synthesized from sugar (Van Handel and Lum 1961). According to Nayar and Sauerman (1975a) glucose absorption, triglyceride accumulation and depletion are faster in Ae.…”

Section: Blood Meal and Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and reproduction in haematophagous arthropods

Prasad

1987

Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Anim. Sci.)

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Hosts of haematophagous arthropods range from amphibians to mammals. Blood meal is essential for egg production. Quantity and quality of ingested blood are important in realization of optimum reproductive potentials. In terms of egg production, the lowest nutritive value is for human blood. This inequality is probably based on differences in proteins and their constituent amino acids. Carbohydrates in the diet have no direct contribution to reproduction. Very little is known about sterol. lipid, vitamin and salt requirements for reproduction. In the mosquito Aedes aegypti some substance from the blood meal is thought to initiate vitellogenesis and is sustained by a complex hormonal mechanism in which median neurosecretory cells, corpus allatum, fat body and ovary participate. Mechanical stimuli from gut distension also has a role in hormone induction.Autogenous egg production seen in many dipterans is controlled both by the nutrition of the immature stages and genetic mechanisms.Quantity and the rate of utilization of the ingested blood decide the frequency of host visitation and feeding. Vertebrate blood sera contain substances which stimulate (secretogogue) as well as inhibit digestion. Nutrition plays some role in male maturation in insects, though not in spermatogenesis. In many ticks even spermatogenesis is influenced by adult blood meal.

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Sex as Regulator of Triglyceride Metabolism in the Mosquito

Cited by 133 publications

References 3 publications

The obese mosquito.

The obese mosquito.

Nutritional Quality during Development Alters Insulin-Like Peptides Expression and Physiology of the Adult Yellow Fever Mosquito, <em>Aedes aegypti</em>

Nutrition and reproduction in haematophagous arthropods

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