Sex as a Factor in Infectious Disease*

Goble, Frans C.; Kónopka, E. A.

doi:10.1111/j.2164-0947.1973.tb01971.x

Cited by 84 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 80 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In accordance with other infectious diseases, it has been suggested that males are more commonly infected with hookworm and S. stercoralis than females 13,22 . It is likely that this discrepancy arises because males perform more activities that lead to greater risk of exposure 8 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Hookworm and Threadworm Infections and Their Association With Hemoglobin and Eosinophil Concentrations in Residents of Salvador-Bahia, Brazil

Santos¹,

Souza²,

Soares

2013

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYParasitic infections are responsible for substantial mortality and morbidity worldwide. In most healthy individuals, little overt pathology is observed during infection with S. stercoralis. However, the symptoms in advanced cases may include gastrointestinal bleeding. Anemia is most commonly associated with hookworm infection, especially when several hundred worms are present. Our study evaluates the relationship between the hookworm or S. stercoralis infection status and the hemoglobin concentration of individuals examined by a private network of laboratories in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. We examined 374,120 samples from middle-class individuals living in Salvador City from January 2004 to April 2008. The stool samples were analyzed by the Lutz and BaermannMoraes methods, and the blood samples were analyzed for hemoglobin concentration and eosinophil counting. The prevalence of hookworm and S. stercoralis were 0.27% (1,027) and 0.34% (1,286), respectively. The prevalence of hookworm and S. stercoralis infection was significantly higher in males than in females and increased with age. Eosinophilia was a common laboratorial finding in individuals infected with hookworm and S. stercoralis. The hemoglobin concentration was lower in the hookworm-infected individuals than in non-infected ones, but none of the examined patients were anemic. Lack of anemia could be a consequence of the socioeconomic status of these patients.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Hookworm and Threadworm Infections and Their Association With Hemoglobin and Eosinophil Concentrations in Residents of Salvador-Bahia, Brazil

Santos¹,

Souza²,

Soares

2013

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Research has shown that men are often more susceptible to infections caused by parasites, fungi, bacteria and viruses 11 . In addition, mortality rates are usually higher in males than in females 21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, epidemiological, laboratory and clinical studies have shown variations between gender in parasitic diseases including schistosomiasis, filariasis, leishmaniasis and onchocerciasis, as well as other infections such as rubella, measles, hepatitis B, and tuberculosis 11 . Filarial surveys carried out in Brazil and other endemic countries have observed a greater expression of infection and morbidity in males 4 9 12 15 25 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bancroftian filariasis in an endemic area of Brazil: differences between genders during puberty

Braga

Dourado

Ximenes

et al. 2005

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Na infecção experimental de camundongos por T. cruzi, Hauschka et al 11 verificaram gravidade maior nos machos em relação aos níveis de parasitemia, grau de invasão tissular e mortalidade. Goble 8 , estudando cães jovens (10 semanas), registrou que a tripanossomíase experimental não apresentou evolução diferente em machos e fêmeas, mas houve tendência a maiores parasitemias nos machos.…”

unclassified

O plexo pampiniforme na fase crônica da doença de Chagas humana: avaliação histológica

Rocha

Miguel

Barbosa

et al. 2000

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Resumo Pesquisou-se a ocorrência, na parede das veias do plexo pampiniforme de chagásicos crônicos, de acúmulos intracelulares de Trypanosoma cruzi e sinais inflamatórios (flebite). Para tal fim, colheram-se, à necropsia, 23 pares de funículos espermáticos, epidídimos e testículos, sendo 17 de chagásicos crônicos e 6 de controles (não chagásicos). Em cada caso, foram feitos múltiplos cortes das gônadas e dos vasos; fez-se pesquisa de T. cruzi por imuno-histoquímica nos funículos espermáticos de todos os casos. Não se observaram parasitos nas paredes vasculares. Notou-se flebite crônica inespecífica, focal e discreta, em cinco chagásicos (bilateral em três pacientes) e dois controles; havia infiltração mononuclear discreta do interstício funicular em treze chagásicos e cinco controles. A análise estatística dos resultados (χ 2 ) não revelou diferenças significativas. Conclui-se que o ambiente hormonal devido à testosterona não parece favorecer a infecção da parede dos vasos gonadais por Trypanosoma cruzi, embora, segundo a literatura, o referido hormônio pareça ter ações imunodepressoras. Palavras-chaves: Doença de Chagas. Plexo pampiniforme. Trypanosoma cruzi. Flebite crônica. Testosterona. AbstractThe occurrence of Trypanosoma cruzi intracellular clusters and phlebitis was searched for on pampiniform plexus vein walls of chronic chagasic patients. For this purpose, 23 pairs of spermatic cords, epididymides and testes (17 from chagasic patients and 6 from non-chagasic controls) were obtained, at autopsy. Trypanosoma cruzi was investigated by immuno-histochemistry on slides obtained from several sections of the gonads and vessels of each case. Only discrete and focal undetermined chronic phlebitis was observed, with no parasites, in 5 chagasics (bilateral in 3) and 2 controls (χ 2 : p < 0.10), and discrete mononuclear interstitial infiltration in the funiculi of 13 chagasics and 5 controls (χ 2 : p < 0.75). In conclusion, on the contrary to that published regarding the supra-renal central veins, it seems that the hormonal environment provided by testosterone does not favor the infection of the gonadal vessel wall. Key-words: Chagas' disease. Pampiniform plexus. Trypanosoma cruzi. Chronic phlebitis. Testosterone.

show abstract

Sex as a Factor in Infectious Disease*

Cited by 84 publications

References 80 publications

Hookworm and Threadworm Infections and Their Association With Hemoglobin and Eosinophil Concentrations in Residents of Salvador-Bahia, Brazil

Hookworm and Threadworm Infections and Their Association With Hemoglobin and Eosinophil Concentrations in Residents of Salvador-Bahia, Brazil

Bancroftian filariasis in an endemic area of Brazil: differences between genders during puberty

O plexo pampiniforme na fase crônica da doença de Chagas humana: avaliação histológica

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About