Sex and stride length impact leg stiffness and ground reaction forces when running with body borne load

Lobb, Nicholas J.; Fain, AuraLea; Seymore, Kayla D.; Brown, Tyler

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.01.048

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Trunk flexion also increases the strain on connective tissue and spinal curvature causing low back pain and injury (Orr et al, 2014). Furthermore, greater ground reaction forces and loading rates in loaded conditions (Lobb et al, 2019;Sessoms et al, 2020) increase joint contact forces causing fatigue and damage to articular structures (Lenton et al, 2018). When combined with increased rearfoot eversion, higher loading rates caused by load carriage increases the risk of tibial stress fractures (Baggaley et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Military load carriage effects on the gait of military personnel: A systematic review

Walsh

Low

2021

Applied Ergonomics

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Military load carriage effects on the gait of military personnel: A systematic review

Walsh

Low

2021

Applied Ergonomics

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“…The lack of effect anticipatory cues had on hip negative work in Brown et al (2014) could be that the influence of anticipatory cues on cutting was investigated during load carriage (Brown et al, 2014). Load carriage has been shown to increase leg stiffness (Lobb et al, 2019), which may involve an increase in hip stiffness, a reduction in hip displacement and hence negative hip work remained invariant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical work performed by distal foot-ankle and proximal knee-hip segments during anticipated and unanticipated cutting

Liew

Sullivan

Morris

et al. 2020

Journal of Biomechanics

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Side-step cutting is a common evasive maneuver which is typically performed without prior anticipation. Studies quantifying joint work and its inter-joint proportions in cutting have not accounted for work done by the foot, even though this segment has been shown to be an important source of mechanical work in walking, running, and landing. The aims of this study were to: (1) quantify the magnitude of foot work performed and provide a more precise account of percentage joint work during cutting, and (2) examine the effect, a lack of anticipation had on these variables. Three-dimensional motion capture with forceplates were used to assess the cutting behaviour of 17 healthy participants. All participants performed a 45° cut with an approach speed of 4 m/s. Hip, knee, and ankle joint work were calculated using inverse dynamics; whilst foot work was quantified using the Unified-Deformable foot method. The foot contributed up to 12.45% and 3.09% of total limb negative and positive work, respectively. Unanticipated cutting significantly reduced ankle positive work (-0.09 J/kg [95% CI -0.13 to -0.06], P < 0.001) and significantly reduced percentage ankle positive work (-2.17% [95% CI -3.47 to -0.86], P = 0.001). The foot performs as much negative work as the hip but had only a minor contribution to positive work during cutting. Anticipation had a negligible influence on joint work and its inter-joint proportions. The foot should not be neglected in understanding whole-body dynamics during cutting, with greater understanding of its function potentially useful for informing athletic footwear design and cutting technique.

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“…The virtual markers were digitized at specific bony landmarks in the global coordinate system using a Davis Digitizing Pointer (C-Motion, Inc., Germantown, MD, USA). After each marker was placed, participants stood in anatomical position for a static recording used to create a kinematic model in accordance with previous literature [13,29]. After fitting the kinematic model, the synchronous GRF and marker trajectory data were filtered using a fourth-order Butterworth filter (12Hz), and knee biomechanics were calculated in Visual3D (v6, C-Motion, Inc, Germantown, MD, USA).…”

Section: Biomechanical Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged Load Carriage Impacts Magnitude and Velocity of Knee Adduction Biomechanics

et al. 2021

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Background: This study determined whether prolonged load carriage increased the magnitude and velocity of knee adduction biomechanics and whether increases were related to knee varus thrust or alignment. Methods: Seventeen participants (eight varus thrust and nine control) had knee adduction quantified during 60-min of walking (1.3 m/s) with three body-borne loads (0 kg, 15 kg, and 30 kg). Magnitude, average and maximum velocity, and time to peak of knee adduction biomechanics were submitted to a mixed model ANOVA. Results: With the 0 and 15 kg loads, varus thrust participants exhibited greater magnitude (p ≤ 0.037, 1.9–2.3°), and average (p ≤ 0.027, up to 60%) and maximum velocity (p ≤ 0.030, up to 44%) of varus thrust than control, but differences were not observed with the 30 kg load. The 15 and 30 kg loads led to significant increases in magnitude (p ≤ 0.017, 15–25%) and maximum velocity (p ≤ 0.017, 11–20%) of knee adduction moment, while participants increased magnitude (p ≤ 0.043, up to 0.3°) and maximum velocity (p ≤ 0.022, up to 5.9°/s and 6.7°/s) for knee adduction angle and varus thrust at minutes 30 and 60. Static alignment did not differ between groups (p = 0.412). Conclusion: During prolonged load carriage, all participants increased the magnitude and velocity of knee adduction biomechanics and the potential risk of knee OA.

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Sex and stride length impact leg stiffness and ground reaction forces when running with body borne load

Cited by 19 publications

References 37 publications

Military load carriage effects on the gait of military personnel: A systematic review

Military load carriage effects on the gait of military personnel: A systematic review

Mechanical work performed by distal foot-ankle and proximal knee-hip segments during anticipated and unanticipated cutting

Prolonged Load Carriage Impacts Magnitude and Velocity of Knee Adduction Biomechanics

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