Sex and Social Class Variations in Black Aged Parent-Adult Child Relationships

Perceived Parental Activity of Mothers, Fathers, and Grandmothers in Three-Generational Black Families

“…Many have found that shared residence is a familial response to crisis and/or necessity (Adams, 1970;Ladner, 1972;Martin & Martin, 1978). Particularly for Black families, sharing residence with kin may represent a viable alternative in efficiently managing scarce resources necessary for successful childrearing (Hayes & Mindel, 1973;Jackson, 1970Jackson, , 1971Martin & Martin, 1978;Reiss, 1962). However, despite these observations, there is a paucity of evidence concerning the impact of kin residence sharing on childrearing and parent-child interactions.…”

Familial Support in the Black Community

“…For example, Black American elderly samples were more involved and had a more functional extended family system than their counterparts (Mindel, 1980;Mutran, 1985). Also, Black American elderly parents gave and received more help (Mutran, 1985) and had larger and more active family networks than did White elderly parents (Cantor, 1979;Jackson, 1970Jackson, , 1971Mindel & Wright, 1982). Although the elderly could count on family support systems, Gratton and V. Wilson (1988) found that the elderly used them as a last resort.…”

An exploratory study of noninstitutionalized black urban elderly living in age-homogenous apartments in Detroit, Michigan and their informal social support systems

“…Studies have been conducted on the social interaction patterns of black elderly (Hays and Mindel, 1973;Heisel, 1973;Martin and Martin, 1978;McNeely and Col en, 1983;Wolf et al, 1983). Studies have also investigated black elderly and their formal and informal social support systems (Anderson, 1977;Babchuck, 1978;Cantor, 1975;Hirsch, 1980;Jackson, 1971;Lopata, 1975Lopata, , 1978Martin and Martin, 1978;Martineau, 1977;Shanas, 1973;Stephens et al, 1978;Wentowski, 1979). Researchers have explored the black elderly and their morale (Arling, 1976a;C reecy and Wright, 1979;McNeely and Col en, 1983).…”

“…Still others have been interested in the filial responsibility and the black elderly (Arling and Blehar, 1979;Jackson, 1971Jackson, , 1972aJackson, , 1976Seelbach, 1976Seelbach, , 1978. Black elderly and housing have been studied (Bourg, 1975;Carp, 1967;Herbert, 1983;Welfeld and Struyk, 1979).…”