Sex and reproductive development impact skin mucosal epithelium immunity, antimicrobial capacity, and up-regulation of immune-related gene of goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Roosta, Zahra; Falahatkar, Bahram; Sajjadi, MirMasoud; Paknejad, Hamed; Akbarzadeh, Arash; Kestemont, Patrick

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2022.104494

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…It is well known, that significant differences in sex-specific immune responses occur in several vertebrate species ( 57 ). Results of many studies indicate, that females exhibit stronger innate, cellular, and humoral immune responses, than males ( 57 ), probably due to high demands of immune stability during oocyte growth ( 58 ). According to the data from two studies we discovered that the level of SNAD1 protein is twice as high in females than in males ( 40 , 41 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secreted novel AID/APOBEC-like deaminase 1 (SNAD1) – a new important player in fish immunology

Majewska,

Dietrich,

Budzko

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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The AID/APOBECs are a group of zinc-dependent cytidine deaminases that catalyse the deamination of bases in nucleic acids, resulting in a cytidine to uridine transition. Secreted novel AID/APOBEC-like deaminases (SNADs), characterized by the presence of a signal peptide are unique among all of intracellular classical AID/APOBECs, which are the central part of antibody diversity and antiviral defense. To date, there is no available knowledge on SNADs including protein characterization, biochemical characteristics and catalytic activity. We used various in silico approaches to define the phylogeny of SNADs, their common structural features, and their potential structural variations in fish species. Our analysis provides strong evidence of the universal presence of SNAD1 proteins/transcripts in fish, in which expression commences after hatching and is highest in anatomical organs linked to the immune system. Moreover, we searched published fish data and identified previously, “uncharacterized proteins” and transcripts as SNAD1 sequences. Our review into immunological research suggests SNAD1 role in immune response to infection or immunization, and interactions with the intestinal microbiota. We also noted SNAD1 association with temperature acclimation, environmental pollution and sex-based expression differences, with females showing higher level. To validate in silico predictions we performed expression studies of several SNAD1 gene variants in carp, which revealed distinct patterns of responses under different conditions. Dual sensitivity to environmental and pathogenic stress highlights its importance in the fish and potentially enhancing thermotolerance and immune defense. Revealing the biological roles of SNADs represents an exciting new area of research related to the role of DNA and/or RNA editing in fish biology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secreted novel AID/APOBEC-like deaminase 1 (SNAD1) – a new important player in fish immunology

Majewska,

Dietrich,

Budzko

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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“…For fish skin, the largest organ on the body surface, sex‐specific pigment patterns were often displayed permanently or temporarily to court mates (Kodric‐Brown, 2015; Skold et al ., 2008), signalling that the individual is ready to mate (Klesius et al ., 2008; Matsumura, 1995). In addition, the antibacterial ability of mucus secreted by the skin may be affected by sex and the gonadal development stage (Roosta et al ., 2023). Thus, the morphology and physiology of fish skin would be sexually dimorphic due to the influence of sex steroids, which may play important roles in reproduction and sex selection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…by sex and the gonadal development stage (Roosta et al, 2023). Thus, the morphology and physiology of fish skin would be sexually dimorphic due to the influence of sex steroids, which may play important roles in reproduction and sex selection.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals sex bias in expression patterns of genes related to sex steroids and immunity in the skin of spinyhead croaker Collichthys lucidus

Zhou

Liu

Chen

et al. 2023

Journal of Fish Biology

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Fish skin is the first barrier against external invasion, and also an important interface for communication between males and females during reproduction. Nonetheless, sexual dimorphism in the physiology of fish skins is still poorly understood. Herein, transcriptomes of skin were comparatively analysed between males and females in spinyhead croaker, Collichthys lucidus. Totally, 170 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were detected, including 79 female‐biased genes and 91 male‐biased genes. Gene ontology (GO) annotation items of the DEGs were mainly enriched in biological process items (86.2%), including regulation of biological processes, responses to chemical and biological stimuli, transport and secretion, movement, immune response, tissue development, etc. In KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis, the male‐biased genes were enriched in pathways including those related to immunity such as the TNF signalling pathway and IL‐17 signalling pathway, whereas the female‐biased genes were enriched in pathways including those related to female steroids such as ovarian steroidogenesis and oestrogen signalling pathway. In addition, odf3 was found to be a male‐specific expression gene, being a candidate marker for phenotypic sex. Thus, the sexual difference in gene expression in fish skin in spawning season was uncovered by transcriptome analysis for the first time, providing new insights into sexual dimorphism in the physiology and functions of fish skin.

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Ultrasonography, exfoliative cytology, and celiotomy as sex determination methods for Pimelodus maculatus

Fernandes,

Santarosa,

Junior

et al. 2024

Aquaculture Reports

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Sex and reproductive development impact skin mucosal epithelium immunity, antimicrobial capacity, and up-regulation of immune-related gene of goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Cited by 6 publications

References 84 publications

Secreted novel AID/APOBEC-like deaminase 1 (SNAD1) – a new important player in fish immunology

Secreted novel AID/APOBEC-like deaminase 1 (SNAD1) – a new important player in fish immunology

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals sex bias in expression patterns of genes related to sex steroids and immunity in the skin of spinyhead croaker Collichthys lucidus

Ultrasonography, exfoliative cytology, and celiotomy as sex determination methods for Pimelodus maculatus

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