Sex and reproduction: an evolving relationship

Benagiano, Giuseppe; Carrara, Sabina; Filippi, Valentina

doi:10.1093/humupd/dmp028

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Sexual processing is a fundamental driver of behaviour and subsequent reproduction, safeguarding the survival of most mammalian species [46]. The established involvement of several limbic and paralimbic structures including cognitive (cingulate, thalamus), emotional (amygdala, insula), motivational (putamen, precentral gyrus), and physiological (thalamus) centres in sexual processing permit the processing of a stimulus as sexual through to the autonomic activation required for sexual behaviour [47].…”

Section: Kisspeptin and Sexual Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Roles of Kisspeptin in Sexual and Emotional Brain Processing

Comninos

Dhillo

2017

Neuroendocrinology

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The emergence of kisspeptin as a crucial regulator of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis over the last 14 years has answered many questions as to the control of reproductive hormone secretion from the hypothalamus. More recently, the role of kisspeptin outside the HPG axis has received increasing attention in the hope of delineating the pathways linking various sensory and social behaviours to reproduction. These studies, in a range of species from zebrafish to humans, have identified a role for kisspeptin in behavioural networks related to reproduction including olfaction, audition, fear, anxiety, mood, and sexual arousal. The available evidence suggests that extrahypothalamic kisspeptin signalling encourages positive aspects of emotional and sexual brain processing in a presumed drive towards reproduction and ultimately maintenance of the species at a population level. In this review, we examine these studies, which collectively propose that kisspeptin may integrate sexual and emotional brain processing with the control of the HPG axis.

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Section: Kisspeptin and Sexual Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Roles of Kisspeptin in Sexual and Emotional Brain Processing

Comninos

Dhillo

2017

Neuroendocrinology

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“…The species did fully integrate parenting in its reproduction cycle whereas individuals do not present the corresponding behavior. In humans, pregnancy is carried out by non-genetic mothers in case of medically assisted procreation involving egg donation or surrogacy Benagiano et al (2009).…”

Section: Parenting Across Sexually Reproducing Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary-rooted models for denial of pregnancy, concealment of pregnancy and pseudocyesis

Sandoz

Wessel

2018

Preprint

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Women in denial of pregnancy remain unaware of their gravid state. Typically women in labor present to emergency units while attributing their pain to unrelated causes. In higher risk cases, women experience unassisted delivery in a non-hospital setting. In concealment of pregnancy, the woman knows about her pregnancy but keeps it secret for diverse reasons. This induces also a lack of prenatal care and increased perinatal risks for mother and child. Such cases are very challenging to clinicians because of increased medical risk and psychological needs. Better understanding of these psychosomatic disorders is necessary to address the public-health issues raised. In regard to denial and concealment of pregnancy, in which a pregnant woman thinks or says she is not pregnant, pseudocyesis corresponds to the opposite configuration in which a non-pregnant woman believes, claims and presents objective signs to be pregnant. Pseudocyesis takes therefore place in the same psychosomatic issue to be addressed. This paper aims to explain satisfactorily these psychosomatic disorders of gravida status.We consider human reproduction in regard to evolution with emphasis on the various forms of parenting existing among sexually reproducing species. This evolutionary study highlights that for some pregnant women, the forthcoming maternal status may be internally appraised as psychologically-unacceptable because of diverse personalized causes. The ongoing pregnancy enters then into conflict with the intense fears triggered by the promise of motherhood. From this perspective, denial and concealment of pregnancy are satisfactorily explained as transitory means to cope with such an internal conflict by pursuing pregnancy while containing associated fears. In the absence of conflict resolution, the avoidance means is protracted over time, sometimes until an unexpected delivery. Reversely, pseudocyesis is explained as an attempt to obtain a psychologicallyindispensable maternal status in the absence of actual pregnancy. Specific conflict formulations are elucidated for each type of psychosomatic disorder of gravida status considered. These formulations, related to subjective internal appraisals, comply with the huge diversity of causative events reported in literature and specific to each woman concerned. These explanations will help clinicians in caring those high-demanding patients and in exploring individualized causative events of such challenging experiences.

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“…Male reproductive system related to satisfaction of sexual desire as well as successful fertilisation towards procreation (Benagiano, Carrara, & Filippi, ). From global scenario, it has been estimated that male factor is 50% responsible among total infertile couple (Kumar & Singh, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of ethanolic extract ofHygrophila auriculataseeds in cyproterone acetate‐induced sexual dysfunction in male albino rats

Ghosh

Mallick

2019

Andrologia

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Male infertility has become a global concern. Different conventional medicines with some side effects generally are used for the management of male infertility. To search out the potent aphrodisiac agent without side effect, an approach has been taken to prevent the cyproterone acetate (CPA)‐treated male infertility by ethanolic extract of seed of Hygrophila auriculata in albino rat. CPA is used for the treatment of prostate cancer. It has anti‐androgenic properties and suppresses the spermatogenesis process. Count, motility and viability of spermatozoa, number of hypo‐osmotic tail swelled spermatozoa and serum testosterone level were significantly decreased in CPA‐treated rat. CPA also caused significant diminution of activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and elevation of malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes levels. All parameters were significantly restored after the treatment of H. auriculata extract to the CPA‐treated rats. Histological study revealed significant rectification of seminiferous tubular diameter and spermatogenic cells in extract‐treated group. Body weight, organo‐somatic indices, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase activities were significantly recovered towards control in H. auriculata‐treated group. It is concluded that ethanolic extract of H. auriculata has androgenic and antioxidant properties that can improve male infertility without metabolic toxicity.

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Sex and reproduction: an evolving relationship

Cited by 22 publications

References 66 publications

Emerging Roles of Kisspeptin in Sexual and Emotional Brain Processing

Emerging Roles of Kisspeptin in Sexual and Emotional Brain Processing

Evolutionary-rooted models for denial of pregnancy, concealment of pregnancy and pseudocyesis

Protective effect of ethanolic extract ofHygrophila auriculataseeds in cyproterone acetate‐induced sexual dysfunction in male albino rats

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