2017
DOI: 10.1002/dev.21579
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Sex and rank affect how infant rhesus macaques look at faces

Abstract: We investigated how differences in infant sex and mothers’ dominance status affect infant rhesus macaques’ (Macaca mulatta) interest in visually exploring emotional facial expressions. Thirty-eight infants were presented with animated avatars of macaque facial expressions during the first month of life. Sons of high-ranking mothers looked more at faces, especially the eye region, than sons of low-ranking mothers, but no difference in looking duration was found for daughters. Males looked significantly more at … Show more

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Cited by 20 publications
(21 citation statements)
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“…Similarly, in rhesus macaques, infants of high-status mothers also exhibit different temperamental traits compared to low-status monkeys, such as increased levels of activity, lowered startle responses, and reduced cortisol levels (Suarez-Jimenez et al, 2013) and exhibit different socio-visual preferences (i.e., looking more at the eyes, Paukner, Slonecker, Murphy, Wooddell, & Dettmer, 2017), potentially predisposing them to achieve higher status as adults as well.…”
Section: Research Highlightsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Similarly, in rhesus macaques, infants of high-status mothers also exhibit different temperamental traits compared to low-status monkeys, such as increased levels of activity, lowered startle responses, and reduced cortisol levels (Suarez-Jimenez et al, 2013) and exhibit different socio-visual preferences (i.e., looking more at the eyes, Paukner, Slonecker, Murphy, Wooddell, & Dettmer, 2017), potentially predisposing them to achieve higher status as adults as well.…”
Section: Research Highlightsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These consequences of childhood SES may result in a positive feedback loop, whereby childhood SES may influence personality, which in turn, may influence subsequent SES. Similarly, in rhesus macaques, infants of high‐status mothers also exhibit different temperamental traits compared to low‐status monkeys, such as increased levels of activity, lowered startle responses, and reduced cortisol levels (Suarez‐Jimenez et al., ) and exhibit different socio‐visual preferences (i.e., looking more at the eyes, Paukner, Slonecker, Murphy, Wooddell, & Dettmer, ), potentially predisposing them to achieve higher status as adults as well. The social class that one is “born into” therefore may have future impacts on later social status due to similar genetic characteristics (inheritance of maternal temperament; e.g., see Sullivan, Mendoza, & Capitanio, in rhesus macaques) or environmental characteristics (e.g., social opportunities), which are difficult to tease apart in human studies.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Attempts to experimentally manipulate infants’ early experiences have largely been done in animals (for a review: Davidson & Clayton, ). For example, in the first month of life (between 7 and 30 days of age), infant monkeys exhibit considerable individual differences in the extent to which they attend to the eye region of faces: In mother‐reared infants, males look longer to the eye region than females (Paukner, Slonecker, Murphy, Wooddell, & Dettmer, ), but in nursery‐reared infants (who have more limited social experience with conspecifics and are raised by human caretakers), females look more to the eye region than males (Simpson, Nicolini, et al, ). Maternal rank was positively associated with attention to the eyes, although this was only the case for infants reared by their mothers, suggesting this attentional preference may be transmitted through social interactions, rather than inherited through some biological mechanism (Paukner et al, ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In contrast, human adults typically prefer opposite‐sex faces (Proverbio, ), suggesting changes in human preferences across development. As the existing data on primates encompasses macaque infants (Paukner et al, ; Parr et al, ; Paukner, Slonecker, Murphy, Wooddell, & Dettmer, ) and adult capuchins (this study), we are currently unable to determine how these preferences change across life stages in any primate species. A longitudinal and/or cross‐sectional approach within a particular species that documents changes across infancy, at puberty, and into adulthood, is an important focus for future studies.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 87%