Sex and level differences in the diameters of extradural segment of vertebral artery: computed tomography angiographic study

Spasojević, Goran; Vujmilović, Siniša; Ponorac, Nenad; Malobabić, Slobodan; Vujinović, S.; Macut, N. Đukić

doi:10.5603/fm.a2018.0114

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For investigated atlantic (V3) part of VA, the mean diameters found in our previous study [30] for RVA (males 3.27 mm; females 2.88 mm) and for LVA (males 3.39 mm; females 3.01 mm), were practically identical as in current study, because the sample population was same, with the exclusion of few patients having ICA abnormalities. In previous studies [30,33], also were found in males larger diameters highly significantly of LVA and significantly of RVA, but not significant intrasex left-right differences. Because of the high interindividual variability, the normal range for diameter, peak systolic velocity and VA blood flow is wide in both VAs [24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Internal carotid and vertebral arteries diameters and their interrelationships to sex and left/right side

et al. 2020

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Background: The available anatomical data about diameters of inflow vessels to the circle of Willis reflect various diagnostic and imaging methods used, sample sizes, levels of measurements, and lack of possible specific ethnic, regional or genetic data. Additionally, the data are often without distinctions about left-right or sex. Materials and methods: Therefore, using computed tomography angiography (CTA) we investigated diameters of internal carotid (ICA) and vertebral (VA) arteries in 70 adult persons (28-75 years) of both sexes (34 males and 36 females), at predefined cervical parts of ICA (2 cm above carotid bifurcation) and of VA (5 mm before VA penetrated the dura). Results: Sex differences were expressed as highly significant larger diameters of left VA (LVA) in males (3.49 mm) than in females (3.00 mm), and as significantly larger diameters of right VA (RVA) in males (3.20 mm) than in females (2.82 mm), as well as of right ICA (RICA) diameters in males (5.04 mm) than in females (4.56 mm), but without such difference for left ICA (LICA) between males (4.82 mm) and females (4.60 mm). Intrasex (in males or in females) left-right differences of ICA and VA diameters were not significant. Significant positive correlations were found in females between RICA and RVA, and in males between RICA and LICA. Calculated mean sum of ipsilateral diameters of right arteries (RAA = RICA + RVA) was in males 8.25 mm, in females 7.38 mm, and of left arteries (LAA = LICA + LVA) was in males 8.31, and in females 7.60 mm, without statistically significant difference between RAA and LAA, neither in males, nor in females. Statistically highly significant larger sums of diameters were in males than in females for both, RAA and LAA. Conclusions: Our findings, as the first data about diameters of ICA and VA systematically obtained by CTA in the population of western Balkans, suggest that in the studies of these diameters is absolutely necessary to analyse separately the data for sex, and to use defined standard levels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…1). Diameters of VA were measured at atlantic (V3) segment of VA (5 mm before entrance into dural porion of VA), in order to exclude the potential influence of variable collateral branches anatomy from V2 segment [30].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal carotid and vertebral arteries diameters and their interrelationships to sex and left/right side

et al. 2020

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“…CTA has been frequently in imaging examinations to simultaneously reveal the three-dimensional anatomy surrounding V3, as it has the advantages of being noninvasive and fast and yielding volumetric scans. Morphometric analyses of V3 performed by using CTA have been reported in many studies (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24), but the branches of V3 have been studied in few studies, with small sample sizes of cadavers due to the high cost and intricate procedures required (25)(26)(27). Although a large sample of vertebral arteries can be assessed by CTA, the branches of V3 have not yet been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The assessment of the frequency and arrangement of the subsegmental branches of V3 using computed tomography angiography

Liu

Song

et al. 2021

Quant Imaging Med Surg

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Background: The frequency and arrangement of the subsegmental branches of the third portion of the vertebral artery (V3) have been assessed in small samples by autopsy, but they have not been assessed by computed tomography angiography (CTA). To determine the frequency and arrangement of subsegmental branches of V3 by CTA and to analyze the interrelationships among frequency, arrangement, sex, and side-to-side.Methods: First, the radiology records of 668 consecutive patients who underwent cervical or craniocervical CTA scans from October 1, 2017 to October 31, 2019 were retrospectively retrieved. Second, the four demarcation points were ascertained to define the three subsegments by reviewing the resource images, namely, the vertical portion of V3(V3v), horizontal portion of V3(V3h), and extradural portion of V3(V3e).Then, the numerical value and the location of the bifurcating branch in each subsegment of V3 were recorded. Third, the frequency and arrangement of the branches was assessed, and the relationships between sex, laterality and frequency and arrangement were analyzed as well as the interobserver performance.Results: On the left, 25%, 20.21%, and 6.59% were the frequencies of one branch in the V3v, V3h, and V3e, and 1.05%, 0.00%, and 0.45% were the frequencies of two branches, respectively. On the right, 25.04%, 17.07%, and 6.44% were the frequencies of one branch in the V3v, V3h, and V3e, and 1.04%, 0.3%, and 0.15% were the frequencies of two branches, respectively. There were no differences between the side-to-side and numerical values of the branches according to the t-test (P=0.4341, P=0.7968), and there were no differences between the side-to-side variable, sex variable and number of branches according to the t-test (P=0.4474, P=0.3593). There were no differences between the side-to-side and eight arrangements (permutation of 000; 100; 110; 111; 010; 011; 001; 101) by using the two-sample KS test (P=0.942), and there were no differences between sex and the eight arrangements according to the two-sample KS test (P=0.9973, P=0.8519). The interobserver reliability was excellent (Spearman's ranked correlation: 0.9927). Conclusions:The frequency and arrangement of V3 subsegmental branches could be displayed by source imaging with CTA, and there were no significant differences according to the sex or side of the individual. It was imperative to acquaint the subsegmental branches before the operation involving V3 in the craniocervical junction to determine the surgical approach and reduce bleeding during the surgical procedures.

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Volumetric analysis of pons, middle brain and thalamus by MRI in migraine patients; and evaluation of vertebral artery diameter

Sahan,

Muluk,

Kocturk

et al. 2024

Romanian Journal of Rhinology

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OBJECTIVES. We investigated whether there were atrophic changes in grey matter (pons, midbrain, and thalamus) in migraine patients. Vertebral artery diameters were also evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The cranial MRI images of 49 adult migraine-diagnosed patients and 49 adult subjects with normal cranial MRI results were included in the study. In both groups, pons, midbrain, and thalamus volumes, as well as vertebral artery diameters were measured. RESULTS. There were no significant differences between pons, midbrain, bilateral thalamus volumes and vertebral artery diameters of the migraine and control groups (p>0.05). In the right-sided migraine group, the right thalamus volume was significantly lower than the contralateral side (p<0.05). In the left-sided migraine group, the left thalamus volume was non-significantly lower than the contra-lateral side (p>0.05). In the right-sided and left-sided migraine groups, left vertebral artery diameters were significantly higher than those on the right side (p<0.05). In older migraine patients, pons and midbrain volumes decreased (p<0.05). In longer migraine duration, pons volume decreased (p<0.05). In aura-present migraine patients, right vertebral artery diameters decreased (p<0.05). CONCLUSION. We concluded that migraine is related to grey matter atrophy in terms of thalamus atrophy on the migraine side. Pons atrophy in longer migraine, and pons and midbrain atrophy in older migraine patients were also detected. Therefore, during the follow-up of the migraine patients, grey matter atrophy should be examined by MRI, and treatment to prevent migraine attacks should be planned.

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Sex and level differences in the diameters of extradural segment of vertebral artery: computed tomography angiographic study

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Internal carotid and vertebral arteries diameters and their interrelationships to sex and left/right side

Internal carotid and vertebral arteries diameters and their interrelationships to sex and left/right side

The assessment of the frequency and arrangement of the subsegmental branches of V3 using computed tomography angiography

Volumetric analysis of pons, middle brain and thalamus by MRI in migraine patients; and evaluation of vertebral artery diameter

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