Sex and gender differences in secular trend of body size and frame indices of Lithuanians

Secular Changes in Height, Body Weight, Body Mass Index and Pubertal Development in Male Children and Adolescents in Krakow, Poland

“…In Mexico the inter-generational changes in body height were noticed only in boys, exclusively in the younger age groups (6-11), and at a later age that trend disappeared (Peña Reyes et al, 2009). Body mass index increase in the population of Lithuania presents a similar course as in Krakow: it is more often observed in teenage boys than in the younger ones (Tutkuviene, 2005). Secular changes in body height in northern Europe and in many other highly developed countries have shown a similar course, but they have halted there now too (Malina, 2004).…”

“…However, that trend was not constant everywhere and it did not always concern all age categories. in Germany (Zellner et al, 2007;Meigen et al, 2008), Italy (Danubio & Sanna, 2008), Portugal (Cardoso & Caninas, 2010), China (Zhang & Wang, 2010), Lithuania (Tutkuviene, 2005), Hungary (Mészáros et al, 2008), Brazil (Costa et al, 2011) and Cuba (Esquivel & González, 2010). In Mexico the inter-generational changes in body height were noticed only in boys, exclusively in the younger age groups (6-11), and at a later age that trend disappeared (Peña Reyes et al, 2009).…”

Body‐site distribution of common acquired melanocytic nevi associated with severe sunburns among children in Lithuania

“…To limit the study size, to produce age‐specific MN densities that can be compared with the international literature, and to account for specific growth and developmental periods, we restricted the age range to discrete age groups of 1–2 years (50 children), 4–5 years (139 children), 9–10 years (141 children), and 14–15 years (154 adolescents). The age of 9–10 years is the beginning of adolescence, and the age of 14–15 years is the peak of maturation: in Lithuanian girls,14 years; and in boys, 15 years 28 …”

“…The age of 9 -10 years is the beginning of adolescence, and the age of 14 -15 years is the peak of maturation: in Lithuanian girls,14 years; and in boys, 15 years. 28 Children were selected from 10 kindergartens and 4 secondary schools in a Lithuanian city (Kaunas, latitude of 55 ° 55 ′ ). The ethical review board of Kaunas University of Medicine approved the study protocol.…”

The 2nd Hungarian National Growth Study (2003–2006)

“…The tempo of secular trends in body structure seemed to decrease and stop by the last decades in the most developed countries of the Western world (Vercauteren and Susanne 1985;Liestol and Rosenberg 1995;Hauspie et al 1997;Webba et al 2008;Gohlke and Woelfle 2009). However, secular trend can be evidenced to still proceed in Hungarian children's body dimensions at the beginning of the 21st century, as has been found in many other Eastern European countries (Bielicki and Hulanicka 1998;Godina 1998;Bielicki et al 2005;Tutkuviene 2005;Koca Ozer 2008;Webba et al 2008).…”