Sex and Gender Differences in Esteem Support: Examining Main and Interaction Effects

Shebib, Samantha J.; Holmstrom, Amanda J.; Mason, Adam J.; Mazur, Allison P.; Zhang, Lu; Allard, Amanda

doi:10.1080/10510974.2019.1692886

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Participants also reported receiving significantly more esteem, emotional, and network support from women than from men. This finding is in accordance with previous research, which indicates that women tend to provide more, higher-quality nurturant support than men (e.g., Shebib et al, 2020;Trobst et al, 1994Trobst et al, ). 2016).…”

Section: Theoretical and Pragmatic Implicationssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Additionally, the extent to which these findings are due to sex of provider versus relational role (i.e., husband/wife) is unknown. Outside the support gap literature, research indicates that women typically provide a higher quantity of nurturant forms of support (e.g., Trobst et al, 1994) and more quality nurturant support than do men (MacGeorge et al, 2003;Shebib et al, 2020). This research suggests a main effect for provider sex on support received, such that people with female partners may receive more nurturant support than those with male partners.…”

Section: Supportive Communication Types and Support Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Psychological gender refers to one's beliefs about their femininity and masculinity and may or may not correspond with biological sex (Canary & Dindia, 1998). It has been shown to moderate outcomes in supportive interactions, oftentimes more so than biological sex (Burleson et al, 2005;Shebib et al, 2020). Thus, future research could examine both biological sex and psychological gender for a more nuanced understanding of how support gaps may influence relational and personal well-being.…”

Section: Theoretical and Pragmatic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Support gaps during the COVID-19 pandemic: Sex differences and effects on well-being

Holmstrom

Shebib

Boumis

et al. 2021

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

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During times of stress, supportive communication can buffer individuals from experiencing negative outcomes. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has substantially altered the interactions people rely on for support, which may influence the supportive messages they desire and receive. When people receive quantities of support that differ from what they desire, they experience support gaps, which are often associated with negative outcomes. The present study examines: (a) support gaps in close relationships under shelter-in-place orders issued in response to the pandemic; (b) how support gaps may be moderated by recipient and provider sex; and (c) relationships between support gaps and loneliness, stress, and relational satisfaction. Data were collected in Spring 2020 from community members across the United States and students at a large Midwestern university ( N = 273). Participants reported on five types of support desired and received from their closest relational partner. Unexpectedly, participants generally reported receiving more support than desired, though this finding was qualified by their biological sex and the biological sex of their partner. As expected, support deficits were primarily associated with negative outcomes. Surplus esteem support was positively associated with relational satisfaction and negatively associated with perceived stress. Results are discussed in terms of theoretical implications for support gaps research and theory as well as pragmatic implications for individuals experiencing a global, shared stressor.

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Section: Theoretical and Pragmatic Implicationssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Supportive Communication Types and Support Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical and Pragmatic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Support gaps during the COVID-19 pandemic: Sex differences and effects on well-being

Holmstrom

Shebib

Boumis

et al. 2021

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Specifically, these studies directly tied a theory to guide their hypotheses and research questions. The theories that were referenced the most were (16.7%) the multiple goals theory (Cornaccione & Smith, 2017;Li et al, 2018;McManus & Lucas, 2018;Mongeau et al, 2004), (8.3%) cognitive-emotional theory of esteem-supportive messages (Holmstrom et al, 2021;Shebib et al, 2020), (8.3%) the theory of motivated information management (Afifi & Weiner, 2006;McManus, 2020), and (8.3%) dual-process theory of supportive communication (Burleson et al, 2011;Holmstrom et al, 2015).…”

Section: Theories Guiding Sexual Communication Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority (29.2%) of the studies within this review examined social support (Brisini et al, 2022;Burleson et al, 2011;Cornaccione & Smith, 2017;High and Solomon, 2016;Holmstrom et al, 2015;Holmstrom et al, 2021;Shebib et al, 2020), sex/sexual behaviors (e.g., condom use) (Francis et al, 2021), sexual risk communication (Albrittion et al, 2021;Curran et al, 2016;Horan et al, 2018), safer sex communication (Mou et al, 2020), Information management (Kuang & Kettings, 2011;McManus, 2018), and language use/(un) scripted sex communication (Li et al, 2018). Additional studies focused on conceptualizations of sex and sexual health (Rubinsky & Cooke-Jackson, 2018), community-level perceptions regarding HPV vaccination (Nan et al, 2019), and longitudinal effects on relationship talk (Knobloch & Theiss, 2011).…”

Section: Communicative Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communicating about Sex Is Important in Generating Positive Perceptions about One’s Sexual and Romantic Life. The Last Decade Has Provided Insight into the Theoretical Applications on Sex Communication Research. While the Focus on Extant Research Focuses

Fedd,

Samp,

Ray

2024

Preprint

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Communicating about sex is important in generating positive perceptions about one’s sexual and romantic life. The last decade has provided insight into the theoretical applications on sex communication research. While the focus on extant research focuses on the psychological processes’ individuals employ to talk about sex, no theoretical framework exists that identifies key constructs that provides a parsimonious understanding about the communicative processes of sex and sexuality. This review sought to identified key constructs that are suitable to develop a sex talk theory. In the current project, we reviewed 24 studies including 8,698 participants (Mage = 24.98) that applied a theoretical framework to sex research. This review identified three salient constructs (e.g., disclosure, cognitive, and relational and behavioral) that are important for a sex talk theory. Last, this review indicated that scholarship should explain the relationships between the key constructs. We provided several recommendations that scholars should take when developing a theory in sex communication research.

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An Experimental Investigation of Supportive Tactile Communication During Esteem Support Conversations

Shebib,

Boumis,

Allard

et al. 2024

J Nonverbal Behav

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The present study examines how supportive touch impacts evaluations of esteem support content containing high emotion-focused (HEF) or high problem-focused (HPF) messages during observed esteem support interactions. A 2 (verbal content; i.e., HEF or HPF) by 2 (nonverbal content; i.e., presence or absence of supportive tactile communication) experiment was conducted to test for main and interactional effects. Results revealed that HEF conditions were perceived to be more effective by observers at enhancing the recipient’s state self-esteem, state self-efficacy, and alleviating distress compared to HPF conditions. The supportive tactile communication conditions were perceived as better at enhancing state self-esteem and alleviating distress compared to the no supportive tactile communication conditions by observers. However, these main effects were qualified by significant two-way interactions between message content and nonverbal behavior on ratings of state self-esteem and distress alleviation, such that the addition of supportive tactile communication enhanced the effectiveness of HPF message content but not HEF content.

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Sex and Gender Differences in Esteem Support: Examining Main and Interaction Effects

Cited by 10 publications

References 52 publications

Support gaps during the COVID-19 pandemic: Sex differences and effects on well-being

Support gaps during the COVID-19 pandemic: Sex differences and effects on well-being

Communicating about Sex Is Important in Generating Positive Perceptions about One’s Sexual and Romantic Life. The Last Decade Has Provided Insight into the Theoretical Applications on Sex Communication Research. While the Focus on Extant Research Focuses

An Experimental Investigation of Supportive Tactile Communication During Esteem Support Conversations

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