Sex and development in bovine in-vitro fertilized embryos

Avery, B.; Madison, V.; Greve, T.

doi:10.1016/0093-691x(91)90306-x

Cited by 154 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Faster male embryos development than female ones were discovered in some animal studies [18,19]. A cytogenetic examination of 342 spontaneous abortions divided into three groups according to the severity of embryonic developmental disturbance, and in which the likelihood of maternal cell contamination was low following analysis of embryonic and parental DNA, suggested, based on the maleto-female ratios, that the expression of genes from the maternal X-chromosome in XY embryos may enhance more stable development during early embryogenesis [7] because that one of the two copies of X chromosome on female was inactivated randomly during embryogenesis (X-chromosome inactivation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Chromosome distribution of early miscarriages with present or absent embryos: female predominance

Cheng

Tsai

et al. 2014

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Purpose The objective of this study is to compare the chromosomal distribution of early miscarriages with or without embryonic poles. Materials and methods It was a retrospective study of 223 women who underwent dilation and curettage (D&C) between 1995 and 2013 for early miscarriages. The presence or absence of a fetal pole was evaluated by abdominal or transvaginal ultrasound. Cytogenetic tests of products of conception following culture were determined in both groups. Results Of the 223 early miscarriages, 143 had embryos and 80 did not. The abnormality rate differed significantly (61.5 % vs. 46.3 %, p<0.05), with trisomy 18, 21 and 45X found only in miscarriages with embryos. There were no significant differences between groups in rates of triploidy, tetraploidy, mosaicism, structure and double abnormality. The female abortus rate was higher in miscarriages with or without embryonic poles, as well as in groups with normal and abnormal karyotypes.Conclusions Chromosome distribution differs in miscarriages with or without embryonic poles. The ultrasound findings might offer different direction to determine the causes of early miscarriages. The higher female abortus rate may be associated with early selection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Chromosome distribution of early miscarriages with present or absent embryos: female predominance

Cheng

Tsai

et al. 2014

J Assist Reprod Genet

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“…Embryos produced in vitro in a number of species fall into fast-cleaving and slow-cleaving groups, which are predominantly male and female, respectively. This phenomenon has been observed for bovine (1)(2)(3)(4)(5),** mouse (6,7), sheep (8,9), and human embryos (10). In vivo-produced male pig embryos, both before and subsequent to hatching from the zona pellucida, have also been reported to be larger and to have more cells than female embryos (11,12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

Sexual dimorphism among bovine embryos in their ability to make the transition to expanded blastocyst and in the expression of the signaling molecule IFN-τ

Larson

Kimura

Kubisch

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

185

138

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IFN-is a secretory product of trophectoderm of cattle, sheep, and their relatives and is expressed for a few days in early pregnancy after the blastocyst first forms. It serves to alert the mother that she is pregnant. A delayed or less than robust IFN-signal is a likely cause of embryonic loss. Here we have determined whether blastocyst production of IFN-, which is encoded by a cluster of genes on chromosome 9, differs between the sexes in cattle, as assessed by culture of in vitro-derived embryos on two different media, one complex (tissue culture medium 199 supplemented with serum) with coculture support, the other relatively simple (synthetic oviductal fluid plus albumin). With both media, female blastocysts produced approximately double the amount of IFN-as males, regardless of such variables as oocyte batch, blastocyst quality, hatching, and length of time in culture. However, in either tissue culture medium 199, which contains 5.5 mM D-glucose, or in synthetic oviductal fluid, in the presence but not in the absence of added glucose, significantly fewer female than male embryos were able to progress from the morula͞early blastocyst stage to more advanced stages of development. It is possible that the differences between male and female embryos both in their production of IFN-and in their ability to progress in development in glucose-rich media are manifestations of phenomena that occur in vivo and provide plasticity in embryo selection during early pregnancy.embryo culture ͉ in vitro maturation-in vitro fertilization ͉ sexual dimorphism

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“…The first case of IVF-associated sex skewing was reported in bovine as early as 1991 (14), and this phenomena has been confirmed repeatedly in bovine and porcine IVF embryos (15)(16)(17). Recent epidemiologic data from Oceania and United Kingdom also show that IVF can result in sex skewing in humans with a higher male birth rate (5,6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Impaired imprinted X chromosome inactivation is responsible for the skewed sex ratio following in vitro fertilization

Tan

Kai

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Dynamic epigenetic reprogramming occurs during normal embryonic development at the preimplantation stage. Erroneous epigenetic modifications due to environmental perturbations such as manipulation and culture of embryos during in vitro fertilization (IVF) are linked to various short-or long-term consequences. Among these, the skewed sex ratio, an indicator of reproductive hazards, was reported in bovine and porcine embryos and even human IVF newborns. However, since the first case of sex skewing reported in 1991, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We reported herein that sex ratio is skewed in mouse IVF offspring, and this was a result of female-biased peri-implantation developmental defects that were originated from impaired imprinted X chromosome inactivation (iXCI) through reduced ring finger protein 12 (Rnf12)/X-inactive specific transcript (Xist) expression. Compensation of impaired iXCI by overexpression of Rnf12 to up-regulate Xist significantly rescued femalebiased developmental defects and corrected sex ratio in IVF offspring. Moreover, supplementation of an epigenetic modulator retinoic acid in embryo culture medium up-regulated Rnf12/Xist expression, improved iXCI, and successfully redeemed the skewed sex ratio to nearly 50% in mouse IVF offspring. Thus, our data show that iXCI is one of the major epigenetic barriers for the developmental competence of female embryos during preimplantation stage, and targeting erroneous epigenetic modifications may provide a potential approach for preventing IVF-associated complications.in vitro fertilization | sex ratio | X chromosome inactivation | Xist | Rnf12

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Sex and development in bovine in-vitro fertilized embryos

Cited by 154 publications

References 21 publications

Chromosome distribution of early miscarriages with present or absent embryos: female predominance

Chromosome distribution of early miscarriages with present or absent embryos: female predominance

Sexual dimorphism among bovine embryos in their ability to make the transition to expanded blastocyst and in the expression of the signaling molecule IFN-τ

Impaired imprinted X chromosome inactivation is responsible for the skewed sex ratio following in vitro fertilization

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