Sex and age differences in the associations between sleep behaviors and all-cause mortality in older adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

Abstract

Objective Our aim was to examine sex- and age-specific relationships of sleep behaviors with all-cause mortality rates. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 5288 adults (≥50 years) from the 2005–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys who were followed-up for 54.9 ± 1.2 months. Sleep duration was categorized as < 7 h, 7—8 h and >8 h. Two sleep quality indices were generated through factor analyses. ‘Help-seeking behavior for sleep problems’ and ‘diagnosis with sleep disorders’ were defined as yes/no questions. Sociodemographic covariates-adjusted Cox regression models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A positive relationship was observed between long sleep and all-cause mortality rate in the overall sample (HR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.38, 2.60), among males (HR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.09), females (HR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.48, 3.61) and elderly (≥65 years) people (HR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.50). ‘Sleepiness/sleep disturbance’ (Factor I) and all-cause mortality rate were positively associated among males (HR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03,1.45), whereas ‘poor sleep-related daytime dysfunction’ (Factor II) and all-cause mortality (HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.91) were negatively associated among elderly people. Conclusions Sex- and age-specific relationships were observed between all-cause mortality rate and specific sleep behaviors among older adults.

Sleep, Health and Wellness at Work: A Scoping Review

“…Long-term sleep is also associated with mortality for all causes according to National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys carried out from 2005 to 2008. Daytime drowsiness and inadequate sleep quality are associated with increased mortality for all causes, especially in the elderly [ 121 ].…”

Relationship between Sleep Duration and All-Cause Mortality in the Older People: An Updated and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis

“…At the same time, regarding the length of follow-up, we also took the median for overall analysis. With regard to region, we divided all articles into three groups according to their geographical location: America [14,17,19,22,23,25,29,32,33,35,36,47,49], Europe [10, 21, 24, 30, 37, 40-42, 44, 45, 51] and Asia [26-28, 31, 34, 38, 39, 43, 46, 48, 50] Table 1 The baseline characteristics of all involved studies in this meta-analysis. Table 2 The baseline characteristics of all involved studies in this meta-analysis.…”

The relationship between sleep duration and all-cause mortality in the older people: an updated and dose-response meta-analysis

“…Two articles adopted the actigraphy method to collect sleep time [32,35], and 2 articles simultaneously used actigraphy method and questionnaires [17,54]. Based on geographic locations, all eligible articles were classified into America [14,17,19,25,26,28,32,35,36,38,39,50,52], Europe [10, 21, 27, 33, 40, 43-45, 47, 48, 54], and Asia [29-31, 34, 37, 41, 42, 46, 49, 51, 53]. Table 3 shows the results of Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) quality assessment tool for cohort studies [55,56], with the scores ranging from 6 to 9 in this meta-analysis.…”