Sex Affects the Relationship Between Third Party Punishment and Cooperation

Rodríguez-Ruiz, Claudia; Muñoz-Reyes, José Antonio; Iglesias-Julios, Marta; Sánchez‐Pagés, Santiago; Turiégano, Enrique

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40909-8

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…For example, Zheng et al (2017) found that males rejected more unfair offers in the high- versus low-pressure context than females in an ultimatum game. Similarly, Rodriguez-Ruiz et al (2019) found gender differences in the tendency to engage in Prosocial third-party punishment, with cooperating men being more likely to punish than cooperative women. This finding suggested that the way males and females engage in third-party punishment under acute stress could be different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Social Value Orientation Moderated the Effect of Acute Stress on Individuals’ Prosocial Behaviors

et al. 2022

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Acute stress is believed to lead to prosocial behaviors via a “tend-and-befriend” pattern of stress response. However, the results of the effect of acute stress on prosocial behavior are inconsistent. The current study explores the moderating effect of gender and social value orientation on the relationship between acute stress and individuals’ pure prosocial behaviors (i.e., pure prosociality and prosocial third-party punishment). Specifically, eighty-one participants were selected and underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (or were in the control group), followed by the third-party punishment task and the dictator game. The results showed that, in general, the main effect of condition or respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity on individual prosocial behaviors was significant and did not vary between genders. Furthermore, social value orientation (i.e., prosocial or self-orientation) might moderate the impact of RSA reactivity on the amount of punishment in the third-party punishment task. That is, individuals with self-orientation exhibited more prosocial third-party punishment as RSA reactivity decreased, while the effect did not occur for individuals with prosocial orientation. Taken together, the findings of the current study provide further evidence for the “tend-and-befriend” hypothesis and highlight the underlying physical mechanisms as well as the individual dependence of the effect of psychosocial stress on individuals’ pure prosocial behaviors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Social Value Orientation Moderated the Effect of Acute Stress on Individuals’ Prosocial Behaviors

et al. 2022

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“…The sample includes 935 men and 900 women who have participated in different experiments since 2010, some whose results have been published and others are pending publication. The sample includes right hand scans of 147 men from Sanchez-Pages and Turiegano (2010) [ 119 ] and the right and left hand scans of 474 women and 328 men from Rodriguez-Ruiz et al (2019) [ 120 ] (with the exception of 37 women hand pairs whose original images could not be found). We included data already published in the study because this makes data dredging impossible in that subsample [ 121 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this population we studied whether the difference in 2D:4D between men and women is due to allometric issues, and also the relationship between 2D:4D and handedness measured with two different methods and the relationship between 2D:4D and sexual orientation. Some of these data have been previously published [ 119 , 120 ]. Reanalysing previously published data has the advantage that it prevents intentional data selection [ 121 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In support of 2D:4D: More data exploring its conflicting results on handedness, sexual orientation and sex differences

Lupu,

Monedero,

Rodriguez-Ruiz

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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In the last few years, several studies have questioned the value of the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) as a measure of exposure to sex hormones before birth. Controversy has also extended to the 2D:4D association with individual features previously related to this exposure such as handedness and sexual orientation. Given that it has been argued that sex differences in 2D:4D could be a consequence of body-size differences, we have tested in a large sample the allometric relationship between finger lengths and body size. Our results show that the association is either allometric or isometric, depending on the analyses performed. In any case, the deviation from isometry is not large enough to explain the typically observed sex difference in this trait. We have also tested the association between sexual orientation and 2D:4D, finding a relationship between 2D:4D and sexual orientation in men but not in women. We attribute this discordance with previously published meta-analysis to differences in genetic background, a variable that has gained relevance in recent years in studies involving 2D:4D. Finally, we did not find any relationship between 2D:4D and handedness, evaluated through self-reported preference and hand performance. Our main conclusion is that 2D:4D shows differences between sexes beyond their disparity in body size. In our opinion, 2D:4D can be used cautiously as an indicator of intrauterine exposure to sex hormones taking into account some considerations, such as analysing a very large sample and taking careful measurements of the ethnicity of the sample.

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“…11 That second experiment was on cooperation and third party punishment. Results are reported in Rodriguez-Ruiz et al (2019), although subjects in the present study who took part in that experiment constituted a small part of the overall sample. For the purpose of that second experiment, we collected data on upper body strength, fluctuating asymmetry, self-perceived attractiveness and sexual orientation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masculinity and Lying

2021

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Dishonesty in communication has important economic implications. The standing literature has shown that lying is less pervasive than predicted by standard economic theory. We explore whether biology can help to explain this behavior. In a sample of men, we study whether masculine traits are related to (dis)honesty in a sender-receiver game. We study three masculine physical traits: the second-to-fourth digit ratio, facial morphometric masculinity and the facial width-to-height ratio. These biomarkers display significant associations with lying and deception in the game. We also explore the extent to which these effects operate through social preferences or through beliefs about the behavior of receivers.

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Sex Affects the Relationship Between Third Party Punishment and Cooperation

Cited by 7 publications

References 91 publications

Social Value Orientation Moderated the Effect of Acute Stress on Individuals’ Prosocial Behaviors

Social Value Orientation Moderated the Effect of Acute Stress on Individuals’ Prosocial Behaviors

In support of 2D:4D: More data exploring its conflicting results on handedness, sexual orientation and sex differences

Masculinity and Lying

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