SEWAGE SLUDGE DOSES ON GRASS Development BERMUDA (Cynodon dactylon)

Abstract

RESUMO:O crescimento populacional ocorreu de forma rápida, resultando em cidades com pouca infra-estrutura em saneamento básico. Deste modo, surgiram estações de tratamento de esgoto e a dificuldade de alternativas para o descarte adequado do lodo de esgoto, rico em nutrientes essenciais para as plantas. O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de determinar a melhor dose de lodo de esgoto para grama Bermuda Cynodon dactylon. Conduzido em casa de vegetação no Centro Universitário da Fundação Educacional de Barretos-SP. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, contendo quatro repetições, constituídas de seis parcelas, sendo quatro com a aplicação de doses de lodo de esgoto (50, 100, 150 e 200%), uma parcela com 0%, e a última parcela com adubo mineral. Totalizando 20 unidades experimentais. As doses adotadas de lodo de esgoto foram de D50% 0,12g, D100% 0,24g; D150% 0,48g, D200% 0,72g. Para o adubo mineral a dose aplicada foi de DAD: 1,5g. Todos os vasos receberam tratamento com calcário antes da incorporação do lodo de esgoto, com doses de 6,25g (2,5 t há -1 ). Cada vaso continha 5 kg de solo. Inicialmente o crescimento das gramas ocorreu de forma mais rápida, após os 43 dias todas as plantas começaram a apresentar reduções significativas em suas alturas. Com doses crescentes de lodo de esgoto houve maior desenvolvimento de raízes e na parte aérea. As gramas obtiveram baixa absorção de K, o que se pode concluir que o material é carente no elemento referido. Palavras-chave: Biossólido. Disposição final. Cynodon dactylon.SUMMARY: Population growth occurred rapidly, resulting in cities with poor infrastructure on the sanitation sector. So, there was the introduction of sanitary treatment, causing difficulty in choosing alternatives for the proper disposal of sewage sludge, rich in essential nutrients for the plants. The experiment was conducted to determine the best dose of sewage sludge to Grass Cynodon dactylon. It was conducted in greenhouse in the University Center of Educational Foundation of Barretos-SP. The experimental design was a randomized block, with four replicates of six plots, four with the application of sewage sludge doses (50, 100, 150 and 200%), a portion with 0%, , and the last installment using only mineral fertilizer. A total of 20 experimental units. The doses which took sewage sludge were D50%: 0,12 g, D100%: 0,24 g, D150%: 0,48 g, D200%: 0,72 g. For mineral fertilizer the dose applied was DAD: 1, 5g. All vessels were treated with lime prior to incorporation of sewage sludge, the dosage used was 6,25 g (2.5 t ha -1 ). Each vessel contained 5 kg of soil. Initially the growth of grasses occurred more rapidly, after 43 days all plants started to show significant reductions in plant height. With increasing doses of sewage sludge there was greater root development, and constancy in the shoot. The uptake of K by grasses was relatively minor, what makes it possible to conclude that the material has a lack for the referred element.

Mayze yield and changes in the chemical attributes of soil fertilized with malt sludge

“…In contrast, the potassium levels measured in the soils with the application of the sludge doses did not show significant differences in relation to the treatments without sludge and with mineral fertilization, this behavior of potassium after the application of sludge to the soil has been observed by several authors who claim that the low concentration of potassium in the chemical composition of sewage sludge is associated with the high solubility of potassium with water (Andreoli et al, 2014;Nobile et al, 2014;Gonçalves et al, 2019).…”

“…However, potassium, due to its low concentration in the sludge composition, resulting from its high solubility in water, has been the element that does not increase with increasing doses of sludge applied to the soil (Andreoli et al, 2014;Nobile et al, 2014;Gonçalves et al, 2019).…”

Regrowth and ornamental traits of bermudagrass fertilized with sewage sludge

“…The presence of organic matter in the residue has a direct influence on physical and biological properties of soils, increasing soil porosity and facilitating water drainage and, avoiding surface runoff (Silva et al, 2018). Several studies have demonstrated the potential of sewage sludge as a fertilizer (Lira et al, 2008;Nobile et al, 2014;Backes et al, 2017;Mota et al, 2019).…”

“…However, studies on the use of sewage sludge in turfgrass is restricted to emerald turfgrass (Zoysia japonica) (Backes et al, 2017;Mota et al, 2019), and bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) (Nobile et al, 2014). Discovery TM is the new variety of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) (Khanal et al, 2017), recently introduced in Brazil, with some specific characteristics, differing from other species of the genus.…”