Sewage sludge ash (SSA) from large and small incineration plants as a potential source of phosphorus – Polish case study

Smol, Marzena; Kulczycka, Joanna; Kowalski, Zygmunt

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.10.035

Cited by 56 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In Poland, the most promising sources of P are municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater (low P amount), sewage sludge and sewage sludge ash [71] since the major part of the phosphate from wastewater is transferred to the sludge (approx. 90%) [47].…”

Section: Legal Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was indicated that average phosphorus content in ashes is around 9.7%, though 3000-4000 Mg of P per year can be recycled and introduced back into the environment from approx. 43,000 Mg SSA produced per year in Polish incineration plants [42,71]. At this moment, the SSA generated is stored together with other waste, but it is necessary to underline that only selectively stored SSA can be made available for P recovery.…”

Section: Legal Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The importance of sustainable phosphorus management in the circular economy (CE) model: the Polish case study

Smol

2018

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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In the transition to the circular economy (CE) model, the sustainable management of raw materials plays a key role in the whole value chain. One of the most important critical raw materials (CRM) for the European economy is Phosphorus (P), which cannot be replaced by any other element. This paper presents the current P management structure in Poland taking into account the sources of P, its consumption and recycling. At present, no phosphates are produced in Poland and the demand for P-bearing raw materials is satisfied entirely by imports. There is high potential for recovery of P from selected secondary sources due to an increase in the generation of P-rich waste, such as municipal and industrial sludges (947.2 thous. Mg of dry solid waste in 2016), sewage sludge ash (45 thous.Mg /year) or biomass ash (4.2 million Mg/year); however, P recycling is not commonly undertaken in Poland. In order to transfer the Polish economy to the CE model, the government is working on strategies and programmes that take into account the sustainable management of raw materials. The most promising sources of P are municipal and industrial wastewater, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ash and, therefore, basic legal recommendations for nutrient recovery in the wastewater sector were proposed by Polish organisations dealing with environmental concerns. The paper also presents the basic action thatis recommended to be undertaken with the objective of improving the sustainable management of this CRM in the Polish economy.

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Section: Legal Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Legal Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of sustainable phosphorus management in the circular economy (CE) model: the Polish case study

Smol

2018

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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“…In recent years, many scientific centres have been involved in exploring suitable P substitutes among secondary raw materials and developing new methods of P recovery for fertiliser industry purposes [11,[19][20][21][22][23]. Sewage sludge ash (SSA) is claimed to combine the most promising P source and recovery technologies [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The final form of mineral ash contains 7-12% P [17]. The problem of toxic elements residues in SSA is also proving to be solvable [11,20,22,23]. Slaughter industry by-products are also a valuable P source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…P-fertilisers produced from secondary raw materials will be able to replace or supplement traditional fertilisers, provided that they are as effective as the latter, in other words, that they provide crops with P nutrition enough to build the same yield volume and do not impair the yield or endanger the environment. Many new P products have been tested for P plant availability and crop-enhancing efficiency [20][21][22][23]. Although the results described seem to be optimistic, most of them were obtained in pot experiments and need confirmation in field trials [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can Phosphorus from Recycled Fertilisers Replace Conventional Sources? An Agronomic Evaluation in Field-Scale Experiments on Temperate Luvisols

2019

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Facing phosphate rock scarcity, growing food requirements and pollution problems with phosphorus (P)-containing waste, re-using P as fertiliser is becoming a real need. Innovative fertilisers from sewage sludge ash, animal bones and blood, activated by phosphorus solubilising microorganisms (PSM), were tested in field experiments with winter or spring wheat and compared with commercial fertilisers (superphosphate, phosphorite). Three levels of P doses were established (17.6, 26.4 and 35.2 kg/ha). This paper discusses the fertilisers’ impact on total soil P content and on the P content and P accumulation in wheat grain and straw, weeds and post-harvest residues. Recycled fertilisers maintained soil P stocks and supplied plants with P in the same way as traditional fertilisers, and ensured a comparable P pool in the post-harvest residues to traditional fertilisers. They also did not favour weeds during competitive crop-weed interactions. The PSM included in waste-fertilisers did not exert an evident effect on the soil P content or on the P content and P accumulation in plant biomass. The findings show the potential of recycled fertilisers to act as a substitute to fertilisers from primary sources. Further field research is needed to settle the question of the reasonability of PSM inclusion into fertilisers.

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Phosphorus recovery from hydrothermal carbonization of organic waste: a review

Khalaf

Leahy

Kwapiński

2023

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BackgroundThis review sheds light on the topic of phosphorus (P) recovery from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of organic waste. The paper focuses on the rising need for securing alternative P sources for the increasing demand, in addition to the development of HTC as a thermochemical technique for waste valorization.ResultsThis article studies the definition of P‐recovery from HTC, while introducing the notion of availability, which is a significant factor for studying the efficiency of P‐recovery. A brief comparison between different treatment techniques for P‐recovery from waste streams is presented, and the advantages of HTC are highlighted among different thermochemical techniques. Furthermore, the mechanisms of P‐transformation during HTC reactions are studied, and the effect of various parameters on P‐destination and recovery is emphasized. Finally, applications of P‐recovery from HTC products on the laboratory and industrial scales are studied to assess the feasibility of the application.ConclusionIn short, the paper offers a detailed insight into the definition, mechanism, and potential feasibility of P‐recovery from HTC of organic wastes within the scopes of resource management, waste valorization, and fertilizer production. Even though HTC for P‐recovery from organic waste has been applied on laboratory and industrial scales, several challenges persist towards optimizing this process. The paper concludes that adopting P‐availability as a criterion for efficiency is necessary to optimize HTC conditions for P‐recovery. Further studies on P‐transformation during later‐stage reactions of HTC are recommended, as well. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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Sewage sludge ash (SSA) from large and small incineration plants as a potential source of phosphorus – Polish case study

Cited by 56 publications

References 59 publications

The importance of sustainable phosphorus management in the circular economy (CE) model: the Polish case study

The importance of sustainable phosphorus management in the circular economy (CE) model: the Polish case study

Can Phosphorus from Recycled Fertilisers Replace Conventional Sources? An Agronomic Evaluation in Field-Scale Experiments on Temperate Luvisols

Phosphorus recovery from hydrothermal carbonization of organic waste: a review

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