Seveso Directives and LUP: The mutual influence of natural and anthropic impacts

A Systematic Literature Review on Safety Research Related to Chemical Industrial Parks

“…A series of safety regulations are formulated in different countries to prevent and control major accidents where dangerous substances are involved. Those are: the regulations about process safety management (PSM) proposed by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OHSA) in the USA [25], the Seveso III directive in EU [14], and the AQ/T 3034-2010 in China [12,26]. The regulations are made by considering many safety elements, like safety training and compliance auditing.…”

“…The major Mexico City accident, which happened in 1984 and is still today the most deadly domino effect that ever happened worldwide, was the reason for this. In 2012, the Seveso III Directive replaced the Seveso II Directive and the hazardous materials classification was, for instance, updated [14,21,26]. After the Gu-mi accidents, Korean laws and governing regulations for hazardous chemical materials have been improved, where their enforcement was enhanced, especially for toxic substances [27].…”

“…All these emerging facts and novelties have thrown down some new challenges to the industry regulators [6]. However, current regulations don't explicitly address those emerging risks linked to the new changing world and still need to be further improved [14,16].…”

“…The United States of America, the European Union, and China are all regions with a lot of chemical industrial activities and hence, a large number of CIPs. In those regions, a series of regulations specifically about process safety (which is safety in chemical companies to avoid major accidents involving dangerous substances) have been promulgated [12][13][14][15]. Moreover, several research institutes, such as the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), the European Joint Research Centre (JRC), the UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE), the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), and the Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China (CIESC), reacted quickly by developing innovative concepts and technologies to adapt to the risks in CIPs [2,16,17].…”

NaTech triggered by lightning: Novel insights from past events in the process industry

“…NaTech events are generating a significant concern in the industry, and they need the attention of regulatory authorities. Nevertheless, even if in many countries there is a legal framework for the prevention and mitigation of industrial accidents, even with a special address to NaTech events, the mutual impacts between industry and territories are still widely disregarded [ 8 ].…”