Severity of Postcovid Syndrome in Convalescent Covid-19 and Their Association with the Main Risk Factors for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the main risk factors (RF) of chronic non-communicable diseases on the severity of the postCOVID-19 syndrome (PCS) in COVID-19 convalescents.Materials and methods: 270 persons (48.1 % of them men, mean age 53.2±13.2 years) were included in the one-time observational study and are COVID-19 convalescents. The patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of the PCS. Group 1 included 79 people with no PCS, group 2 included 97 patients with light PCS, group 3 included 94 patients with moderate PCS. All patients were given standard general clinical and laboratory examination, anthropometry, echocardiography, and anamnesis data were evaluated. Persons without PCS were younger than patients with PCS (р=0,003). In patients with PCS compared to persons who did not develop PCS, statistically signifi cantly higher levels of glucose and IgG in the blood serum, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) waist circumference (WC) and indexes: triglyceride-glucose index (TyG /WC), TyG /BMI, lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), number of obese patients and persons with diastolic left ventricular dysfunction. Patients with moderate PCS were more likely to have cardiovascular disease before developing a new coronavirus infection.Results: The forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital lung capacity (FVC) scores were lower for mild to moderate PCS compared to persons without PCS. There is a direct relationship between the presence of PCS and glucose level (r =3,138, p=0,000), diastolic left ventricular dysfunction (r =2,876, p=0,008) in the general group. In women, this association was detected only with the presence of diastolic left ventricular dysfunction (r=4,457, p=0,008). In men with glucose (r =4,343, р=0,000), WC (r =1,068, р=0,060) и diastolic left ventricular dysfunction (r =3,377, р=0,033). The chance of having a moderate PCS in men and women was associated with glucose level (r =1.537, p=0.001), VAI (r =1.256, p=0.005), САД (r =0.977, p=0.027), CVD before COVID-19 (r=0.460.036). In the group of men this association was preserved only with the level of glucose (r =2,357, p=0,004), the index VAI (r =1,430, p=0,020) and the presence of preceding CVD (r =0,160, p=0,014).Conclusion: the presence of PCS in convalescents COVID-19 independently of other factors is due to the level of glucose and the presence of diastolic left ventricular dysfunction. PCS of moderate severity is associated with an increase in glucose, systolic blood pressure, VAI index, and the presence of CVD prior to COVID disease, with PCS of moderate severity more associated with cardio-metabolic risk factors in men.