Severity and predictors of head injury due to bicycle accidents in Western Australia

Baschera, Dominik; Lawless, Adam; Roeters, Robin; Frysch, Christian W S; Zellweger, René

doi:10.1007/s00701-020-04626-w

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…An Australian study found that helmet use was associated with a reduced prevalence of extradural haematomas and open head injuries. 8 Although other pathologies such as subarachnoid haemorrhage and diffuse axonal injuries were reduced with helmet use, the difference was not as marked or as strongly reported. Therefore, when considering how helmets should be tested and rated in conjunction with specific pathologies, it is important to note these discrepancies.…”

Section: Head Injury Type and Severity In Cyclists Involved In Road T...mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…For admissions, 54.1% wore a helmet. For those with head injury, 46.1% wore a helmet Baschera et al 8 Admissions to a hospital in Western Australia 2008–2015 187 sustained a TBI. Helmet use was associated with a reduced prevalence of extradural hematomas and open head injuries Helmet status is given among the TBI cohort.…”

Section: Head Injury Type and Severity In Cyclists Involved In Road T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Motor vehicle involvement was the most frequent cause of fatal injuries. Falls only: 24 (7.16%) 335 311 92.8 24 7.2 Forbes et al 35 Motorized vehicle 63 (48.7%) 129 63 48.7 43 33.0 Park et al 88 Fall alone (46.8%), MVC (42.0%), Obstacle (11.2%) 205 86 42.0 96 46.8 Leo et al 57 Only includes cyclist-car collisions 15,650 15,650 100.0 – – Carone et al 16 15/22 vehicle, 6/22 falls, 1/22 obstacle 22 15 68.2 6 27.3 Baschera et al 8 More than half of cases sustained their injuries in a self-accident and about 40% in a collision with another vehicle, mainly in collision with cars and trucks 1019 408 40.0 510 50.0 Feler 34 MVC: 7,196/16,181 (38.7%), information about falls not given 16,181 6262 38.7 – – Woo et al 120 4.0% MVC, 66.6% falls. Among the mTBI cohort: 12/353 involved MVs 426 17 <...…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Cyclist Head Injury, Impact Characteristics and the Implications for Helmet Assessment Methods

Baker

Patel

et al. 2023

Ann Biomed Eng

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Head injuries are common for cyclists involved in collisions. Such collision scenarios result in a range of injuries, with different head impact speeds, angles, locations, or surfaces. A clear understanding of these collision characteristics is vital to design high fidelity test methods for evaluating the performance of helmets. We review literature detailing real-world cyclist collision scenarios and report on these key characteristics. Our review shows that helmeted cyclists have a considerable reduction in skull fracture and focal brain pathologies compared to non-helmeted cyclists, as well as a reduction in all brain pathologies. The considerable reduction in focal head pathologies is likely to be due to helmet standards mandating thresholds of linear acceleration. The less considerable reduction in diffuse brain injuries is likely to be due to the lack of monitoring head rotation in test methods. We performed a novel meta-analysis of the location of 1809 head impacts from ten studies. Most studies showed that the side and front regions are frequently impacted, with one large, contemporary study highlighting a high proportion of occipital impacts. Helmets frequently had impact locations low down near the rim line. The face is not well protected by most conventional bicycle helmets. Several papers determine head impact speed and angle from in-depth reconstructions and computer simulations. They report head impact speeds from 5 to 16 m/s, with a concentration around 5 to 8 m/s and higher speeds when there was another vehicle involved in the collision. Reported angles range from 10° to 80° to the normal, and are concentrated around 30°–50°. Our review also shows that in nearly 80% of the cases, the head impact is reported to be against a flat surface. This review highlights current gaps in data, and calls for more research and data to better inform improvements in testing methods of standards and rating schemes and raise helmet safety.

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Section: Head Injury Type and Severity In Cyclists Involved In Road T...mentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Head Injury Type and Severity In Cyclists Involved In Road T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Cyclist Head Injury, Impact Characteristics and the Implications for Helmet Assessment Methods

Baker

Patel

et al. 2023

Ann Biomed Eng

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“…Helmets are efficient in preventing head and brain injuries. [12][13][14][15][16] A metaanalysis based on 40 studies from 1989 to 2016 showed that bicycle helmets reduce head injury by 51%, serious head injury by 69% and fatal head injury by 65%. [17] Nevertheless, they offer less protection to the face, and their protection effects differ between adults and children because of differences in crash type and mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many countries have been successful in promoting bicycle safety by a combination of environmental changes (such as building separate bicycle lanes), raising traffic safety awareness, and promotion/enforcement of bicycle helmet use. Helmets are efficient in preventing head and brain injuries [12–16] . A meta-analysis based on 40 studies from 1989 to 2016 showed that bicycle helmets reduce head injury by 51%, serious head injury by 69% and fatal head injury by 65% [17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks for bicycle-related injuries in Al Ain city, United Arab Emirates

et al. 2021

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Traffic-related injuries are a serious health problem. Traffic safety is a priority reflected in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Data on current hazards for bicycle-related injuries from the United Arab Emirates are lacking. The aim of our observational study was to assess the behavior of bicyclists on the roads in Al Ain City, United Arab Emirates and compare our current results with a previous study from 2004.We adapted and tested a structured data collection form. Different sectors of Al Ain were randomly selected to cover the whole city during different times. Bicyclists were observed without direct contact.Out of 1129 bicyclists, 97.6% were males and 13.2% children. 39.4% were cycling on main roads with high-density traffic, 33.1% were cycling against the traffic, 39.3% were cycling at night, and 96.8% of them were not using lights. Only 2.1% of the bicyclists used helmets. A higher proportion of female than male cyclists used helmets (25.9% vs 1.5%; P < .001, Fisher exact test). There was an increase in cycling with the traffic (P < .001) and in use of helmets (P < .025) compared with the previous study.Unsafe practices of bicyclists and low use of helmets despite legislation persist in Al Ain. There is a need to raise bicycle safety awareness and improve enforcement of bicycle helmet legislation. This should be directed toward expatriate workers, children, parents, and maids. Environmental changes, namely building separate bicycle lanes, can increase safety for cycling.

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Cranio-cervical and traumatic brain injury patterns—do they differ between electric bicycle, bicycle, and motorcycle-induced accidents?

Rauer,

Klingebiel,

Lühring

et al. 2024

Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg

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Purpose With the growing technical options of power transmission and energy-saving options in electric drives, the number of E-bike-related accidents especially in an elderly population has increased. The aim of the current study was to compare if the increased velocity in comparison to conventional bikes translates into different injury patterns in the cranio-cervical and head region. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed in patients admitted to our level one trauma center between 2009 and 2019 after being involved in an accident with either an E-bike, bicycle, or motorcycle and suffered cranio-cervical or traumatic brain injury. Outcomes: cranio-cervical/intracranial injury pattern. Data interpretation was conducted in an interdisciplinary approach. Results From 3292 patients treated in this period, we included 1068 patients. E-bikers were significantly older than bicyclists (or motorcyclists) and lay between the other two groups in terms of helmet use. Overall injury patterns of E-bikers resembled those found in motorcyclists rather than in bicyclists. E-bikers had a higher incidence of different cerebral bleedings, especially if no helmet was worn. Helmet protection of E-bikers resulted in a comparable frequency of intracranial bleeding to the helmeted bicyclists. Conclusion The overall pattern of head and cervical injuries in E-bikers resembles more to that of motorcyclists than that of bicyclists. As they are used by a more senior population, multiple risk factors apply in terms of complications and secondary intracranial bleeding. Our study suggests that preventive measures should be reinforced, i.e., use of helmets to prevent from intracranial injury.

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Severity and predictors of head injury due to bicycle accidents in Western Australia

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

A Review of Cyclist Head Injury, Impact Characteristics and the Implications for Helmet Assessment Methods

A Review of Cyclist Head Injury, Impact Characteristics and the Implications for Helmet Assessment Methods

Risks for bicycle-related injuries in Al Ain city, United Arab Emirates

Cranio-cervical and traumatic brain injury patterns—do they differ between electric bicycle, bicycle, and motorcycle-induced accidents?

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