2018
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00303
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Severe Sleep Deprivation Causes Hallucinations and a Gradual Progression Toward Psychosis With Increasing Time Awake

Abstract: Background: Going without sleep for long periods of time can produce a range of experiences, including perceptual distortions and hallucinations. Many questions, however, remain unanswered regarding the types of symptoms which are most reliably elicited, the time of symptom onset, and whether symptoms worsen over time toward psychotic decompensation. Since sleep deprivation exceeding 48 h is considered unethical today, an examination of historical studies with extreme sleep-loss duration is needed to obtain in… Show more

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Cited by 101 publications
(80 citation statements)
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“…example, it has been shown that ADHD is associated with a delayed circadian rhythm and sleep problems (Van Veen et al, 2010;Coogan and McGowan, 2017) and that sleep loss affects cognition in subjects with high ADHD-symptoms more than others (Gruber et al, 2011;Moreau et al, 2013;Floros et al, 2021;Holingue et al, 2021). Also, sleep loss may induce mania in patients with bipolar disorder (Stevens et al, 2014) and psychotic symptoms (Waters et al, 2018). However, we know very little about how this negative effect evolves during the day.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…example, it has been shown that ADHD is associated with a delayed circadian rhythm and sleep problems (Van Veen et al, 2010;Coogan and McGowan, 2017) and that sleep loss affects cognition in subjects with high ADHD-symptoms more than others (Gruber et al, 2011;Moreau et al, 2013;Floros et al, 2021;Holingue et al, 2021). Also, sleep loss may induce mania in patients with bipolar disorder (Stevens et al, 2014) and psychotic symptoms (Waters et al, 2018). However, we know very little about how this negative effect evolves during the day.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[11][12][13][14]. Even in healthy individuals, acute sleep deprivation is associated with onset of mood disturbance and eventually psychotic features can emerge as sleep deprivation extends 15 . Circadian dysregulation also has been implicated in psychiatric disorders (for a review, see ref.…”
Section: Sleep Disturbances In Psychiatric Disordersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A recent review study indicates that severe sleep deprivation itself may cause psychosis (53). Within 24-48 h of sleep deprivation, perceptual distortions and depersonalization occur.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…After 48-90 h without sleep, complex hallucinations and delusion develop, yielding psychotic states indistinguishable from acute psychosis or toxic delirium. The underlying biological mechanism may be neuronal instability or a related defect in neural transmission, especially cholinergic, and central chromatolysis (53).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%