Severe Periodontitis Enhances Macrophage Activation via Increased Serum Lipopolysaccharide

Abstract

Objective-In periodontitis, overgrowth of Gram-negative bacteria and access of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to circulation may activate macrophages leading to foam cell formation. We investigated whether periodontal treatment affects proatherogenic properties of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and, thus, macrophage activation. Methods and Results-LDL was isolated and characterized before and after treatment from 30 systemically healthy patients with periodontitis. Production of cytokines and LDL cholesteryl ester (LDL-CE) uptake by macrophages (RAW 264.7) was determined. Baseline periodontal variables correlated positively with serum LPS and C-reactive protein concentrations, as well as macrophage cytokine production and LDL-CE uptake. LPS concentration correlated positively with serum concentration of oxidized LDL and cytokine production. Higher cytokine production and LDL-CE uptake were induced by LDL isolated from patients with elevated number of affected teeth before treatment. Patients with serum LPS concentrations above the median (0.87 ng/mL) at baseline had higher serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (baseline versus after treatment,

Relationships between periodontal inflammation, lipid peroxide and oxidative damage of multiple organs in rats

“…Previous studies suggested that periodontal inflammation could influence general health through elevated blood concentration of LPS (20,27). On the other hand, the present periodontal inflammation model did not increase the serum LPS level.…”

Adipocyte Fatty Acid–Binding Protein Expression and Lipid Accumulation Are Increased During Activation of Murine Macrophages by Toll-Like Receptor Agonists

“…In fact, recent studies of periodontitis in human subjects have shown a correlation between the area of inflammation in the oral cavity and macrophage cytokine production and LDL cholesteryl ester uptake. 32 These proatherogenic changes are thought to be mediated by increases in serum LPS during periodontal infection and have been postulated to augment the risk of vascular disease in affected individuals. 33 Another novel finding here is that ligands for other TLRs also induce macrophage aP2 expression.…”

Comparison of Serum Lipid and Thyroid Profiles Before and After Scaling and Root Planning in Periodontitis Subjects

“…After periodontal therapy, the serum HDL, cholesterol levels were found to be increased and statistically significant. However, it is to be noted that HDL is beneficial to the host, as it considered as antiatherogenic lipoprotein because of its direct role in neutralizing lipopolysaccharides in circulation, protecting LDL against oxidation as well as its role in reverse cholesterol transport (Pussinen et al) [22].…”