Severe irritant contact dermatitis from Cypress spurge

Asilian, Ali; Faghihi, Gita

doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.0378e.x

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(6 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…An isomer of TPA was reported in E. cyparissias (Ott and Hecker, 1981; see below), which is fed on by H. euphorbiae larvae, despite its toxicity. The food plant's milky latex was also reported to be irritant to humans (Asilian and Faghihi, 2004). Contrary to the expectation induced by the larval aposematic coloration (Marsh et al, 1984), they do not sequester the toxins from their food plants for chemical protection against predators (Hundsdoerfer et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

First insights into herbivore–plant interaction of the spurge hawkmoth and Euphorbia cyparissias

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The spurge hawkmoth Hyles euphorbiae (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) is an insect herbivore feeding exclusively on spurges (Euphorbia). These are toxic due to their secondary metabolites including diterpene esters with numerous harmful biological activities, preventing their use by most herbivores. Extracts of frass from H. euphorbiae and of its main larval food plant in Central Europe, the cypress spurge (Euphorbia cyparissias L.), were analyzed via liquid chromatography using a triple-quadrupole (MS/MS) and a high-resolution–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (QTOF-MS). We report for the first time the finding of the tigliane (phorbol ester) phorbol-13-acetate and two 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) isomers of unknown structure (compounds 2 and 3) in E. cyparissias. Our data support the assignment of these two compounds as tiglianes and are therefore referred to by us as “putative tiglianes”. Additionally, the distribution of the three reported compounds within the plant parts (leaves, stem and root) was analyzed to gain first insights into the metabolite conditions H. euphorbiae copes with in nature. Phorbol-13-acetate was detected in the plant’s root only, while the other compounds were observed in all three plant parts, although in different distributions. Moreover, our results indicate that the occurrence of compound 3 rises upon larval feeding. Finally, the presence of the plant-derived putative tiglianes in frass from E. cyparissias leaves feeding larvae is confirmed, corroborating the close plant–herbivore interaction.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

First insights into herbivore–plant interaction of the spurge hawkmoth and Euphorbia cyparissias

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(African Milk Tree), 28 E. lactea (candelabra cactus), E. tirucalli (pencil tree), E. marginata Pursh (snow on the mountain), 29 and Euphorbia myrsinites L. (cushion spurge). 32 Rarely, mucosal ulceration may occur after prolonged contact with the sap of Euphorbia species including the poinsettia plant. 32 Rarely, mucosal ulceration may occur after prolonged contact with the sap of Euphorbia species including the poinsettia plant.…”

Section: Localmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cleistanthin, Diterpene Esters, and the Spurge Family (Euphorbiaceae)

Barceloux

2008

Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…While eruptions are usually confined to the contact area, in sporadic cases skin lesions were observed at distant sites (2,7). In some cases delayed onset and development of new lesions several days after initial contact have been reported (6,7,8). Reactions typically resolve within three to four days without sequelae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the available reports demonstrate the irritant effects of Euphorbia sap to skin (1,2,5,6,8), the exact mechanism behind these inflammatory reactions have not been unraveled so far. One possible mechanism is the direct corrosive effect of phorbol esters contained in the plant's sap with direct pH-induced cytotoxicity leading to necrotic damage of keratinocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Euphorbia myrsinites Sap-Induced Phytodermatitis: A Prototype of Irritant Contact Dermatitis?

Weber

Sinz²,

Bauer³

et al. 2019

Dermatitis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background-A hallmark of Euphorbia myrsinites (EM), a member of the widespread perennial Euphorbia species, is the extrusion of a poisonous latex-like sap irritant to skin and eye after contact. The exact mechanisms underlying these effects have not been unraveled so far. Objectives-Allocation of EM sap-induced phytodermatitis to irritant or allergic contact dermatitis; investigation of mechanism(s) causing keratinocyte damage. Methods-Cutaneous effects of EM sap on healthy human skin were investigated by clinical scoring and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) analyses and compared to allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). In addition, the effects of sap exposure to keratinocytes were analysed in vitro using histological analyses and flow cytometry. Conclusions-We report on two cases of EM sap-induced phytodermatitis. Patch testing with fresh EM sap induced dermatitis in 100% of the tested sites with a clinical course following a decrescendo pattern. Compared to ACD the lesional phenotype was more severe and epidermal disruption more pronounced. Exposure of human skin tissues and cultivated keratinocytes to EM sap in vitro resulted in a dose-dependent increase in keratinocyte-apoptosis. The reported findings support the primarily toxic irritant nature of EM sap-induced phytodermatitis. The contribution of ingenol mebutate to (non-toxic) proinflammatory effects remains to be elucidated.

show abstract

Severe irritant contact dermatitis from Cypress spurge

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

First insights into herbivore–plant interaction of the spurge hawkmoth and Euphorbia cyparissias

First insights into herbivore–plant interaction of the spurge hawkmoth and Euphorbia cyparissias

Cleistanthin, Diterpene Esters, and the Spurge Family (Euphorbiaceae)

Euphorbia myrsinites Sap-Induced Phytodermatitis: A Prototype of Irritant Contact Dermatitis?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About