Severe human parechovirus type 3 infection in adults associated with gastroenteritis in their children

Careful Clinical Surveillance Is Important for the Identification of Parechovirus Type A3-Associated Myalgia/Myositis: a Sporadic Case Found in a Season with a Low Level of Its Activity in Yamagata, Japan in 2017

“…PeVs are responsible for a wide range of clinical manifestations such as febrile illness, respiratory illness, meningitis, paralysis and encephalitis, with PeV type A3 (PeVA3), in particular, associated with severe neonatal infections (1). On the other hand, we reported that PeVA3 is a possible causative agent of myalgia/myositis among adults and children based on our observations in 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2016 in Yamagata, Japan, and similar cases have since been found in other parts of Japan, such as Osaka, following a nationwide outbreak of PeVA3 in 2014 (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

“…In reality, we succeeded in isolating and detecting PeVA3 strains not only from PeVA3-associated myalgia/myositis cases, but also from infants and children with acute respiratory infection, exanthema, sepsis, and other diseases in both 2014 and 2016 (4,5). Nevertheless, all PeVA3-associated myalgia/myositis cases in Japan to date were reported in the same years as the major nationwide outbreaks, i.e., 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2016 (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

Parechovirus: an important emerging infection in young infants

“…In adults, HPeV is associated with upper respiratory tract infection and mild diarrhoeal illness, and less commonly with epidemic myalgia and myocarditis 31 . ‐ 34 There is currently no evidence to suggest particular concern regarding infection in pregnant women or fetuses 35 …”

“…Contacts of confirmed cases should be made aware that older children and adults may develop mild upper respiratory or diarrhoeal symptoms 39 . There are cases of transmission from mildly symptomatic children to adults resulting in severe acute illness, but these appear to be uncommon 34 . Hand hygiene, cough etiquette and staying away from childcare and school while unwell should be emphasised.…”

Epidemic Myalgia Associated with Human Parechovirus Type 3 Infection

“…Orchiodynia is also a characteristic symptom; 10 out of 30 infected men reported orchiodynia. Although the exact mechanism underlying the development of orchiodynia in these cases was not clarified, swollen testes and peritesticular effusion were revealed by computed tomography (CT) (20). Patients with HPeV3-associated myalgia typically recover within a week; however, non-steroidal anti- (21).…”