Severe hailstorms near Southern Andes in the presence of mountain waves

Torre, A. de la; Hierro, R.; Llamedo, P.; Rolla, Alfredo Luis; Alexander, P.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.01.015

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The lack of a sufficiently dense observation network and the random features of hail make it uncertain to draw conclusions from every one of the regions here discussed. Moreover, since there are already several studies that focused on the Cuyo region, for example recently de la Torre et al (2011), the analysis of atmospheric circulation associated to hail events is limited to the regions with a denser number of weather stations, namely, southern Buenos Aires-La Pampa, northern Buenos Aires-Litoral and central Argentina regions (region C, E and F). In addition, these regions have a practical interest because of their considerable exposure of their agricultural production assets.…”

Section: Atmospheric Circulation Associated To Hail Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatology of hail in Argentina

Mezher

Doyle

Barros

2012

Atmospheric Research

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Section: Atmospheric Circulation Associated To Hail Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatology of hail in Argentina

Mezher

Doyle

Barros

2012

Atmospheric Research

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“…The identification and localization of main IGW modes can be done with a continuous wavelet theory (CWT). In general, unlike the vertical wavelengths λ v throughout the troposphere, the horizontal wavelengths λ h corresponding to each dominant mode were conserved and were not affected by refractions because of the background horizontal wind variation [43]. Some studies indicate that the vertical velocity (w) consists of an appropriate variable to evidence the presence of IGW [44,45].…”

Section: Wavelet Analysis Of Igwsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Possible Triggering Mechanisms of Severe Thunderstorms in the Tropical Central Andes of Peru, Mantaro Valley

et al. 2019

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The aim of the present study is to analyze the triggering mechanisms of three thunderstorms (TSs) associated with severe rainfall, hail and lightening in the tropical central Andes of Peru, specifically above the Huancayo observatory (12.04 ∘ S, 75.32 ∘ W, 3313 m a.s.l.) located in the Mantaro valley during the spring-summer season (2015–2016). For this purpose, we used a set of in-situ pluviometric observations, satellite remote sensing data, the Compact Meteorological Ka-Band Cloud Radar (MIRA-35C), the Boundary Layer Tropospheric Radar and downscaling model simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model (resolutions: 18 km, 6 km and 2 km), and the Advance Regional Prediction System (ARPS) (resolution: 0.5 km) models in order to analyze the dynamic of the atmosphere in the synoptic, meso and local scales processes that control the occurrence of the three TS events. The results show that at synoptic scale, the TSs are characterized by the southern displacement of the South-east Pacific Subtropical Anticyclone up to latitudes higher than 35 ∘ S, by the weakening and south-eastern displacement of the Bolivian high–North east low system and by the intrusion of westerly winds along the west side of the central Andes at upper and medium levels of the atmosphere. At meso-scale, apparently, two important moisture fluxes from opposite directions are filtered through the passes along the Andes: one from the north-west and the other from the south-east directions converge and trigger the deep convection into the Mantaro valley. These moisture fluxes are generated by the intrusion of the sea-breeze from the Pacific ocean along the west of the Andes coupling with upper and middle westerly winds and by the thermally induced moisture fluxes coming from the South American low level jet at the east side of the Andes. At the local scale, there is a low-level conditional instability in the previous hours as well as during the occurrence of the TSs above the Huancayo observatory. In addition, the simulation results indicated the possibility of generation of inertial gravity waves in the Amazon basin, associated with geostrophic adjustment which transports energy and moisture into the central Andes plateau and consequently intensifies the thunderstorms above the Mantaro valley.

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“…For example, hail event reductions and increased hail damage potential due to an increase in hail size were reported and projected for some parts of North America [55], while reductions in hail size and events were measured over China [56]. In the case of the Andean region, some inner tropics studies also report a decrease of hail events during recent decades [57], while outer tropics studies indicate both increases and reductions in the number of hailstorm events without consistent trends, and also highlight the site-specific dependence (region, topography, altitude, latitude, longitude) of this type of climatic event [58][59][60][61]. Furthermore, although farmers' perceptions about increased incidence of heavy windstorms, droughts/dry periods, and heat waves/warm periods are clearly aligned with scientific observations and projections [17,20,22,54,[62][63][64], the perceptions of cold periods/frost increments differ with scientific observations and projections, which show a robust reduction [17,21,45,54].…”

Section: Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Mountain Farming Systems’ Exposure and Sensitivity to Climate Change and Variability: Agroforestry and Conventional Agriculture Systems Compared in Ecuador’s Indigenous Territory of Kayambi People

2019

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Smallholder farming is considered one of the most vulnerable sectors to the impacts of climate change, variability, and extremes, especially in the developing world. This high vulnerability is due to the socioeconomic limitations and high environmental sensitivity which affect the biophysical and socioeconomic components of their farming systems. Therefore, systems’ functionality and farmers’ livelihoods will also be affected, with significant implications for global food security, land-use/land-cover change processes and agrobiodiversity conservation. Thus, less vulnerable and more resilient smallholder farming systems constitute an important requisite for sustainable land management and to safeguard the livelihoods of millions of rural and urban households. This study compares a comprehensive socioeconomic and environmental dataset collected in 2015–2016 based on household interviews of 30 farmers of highland agroforestry systems and 30 farmers of conventional agriculture systems, to determine which system provides better opportunities to reduce exposure and sensitivity. A modified Climate Change Questionnaire Version 2 of the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT) was applied to collect the data. The interview data are based on the perceptions of Kayambi indigenous farmers about the levels of exposure and sensitivity of their farming systems during the last decade. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the data from the 60 farms. Results indicate that both agroforesters and conventional farmers clearly perceived increases in temperature and reductions in precipitation for the last decade, and expected this trend to continue in the next decade. Furthermore, conventional farmers perceived greater exposure to droughts (20%), solar radiation (43%), and pests, weeds and disease outbreaks (40%) than agroforesters. Additionally, results emphasize the better ability of agroforestry systems to reduce exposure and sensitivity to climate change and variability. These findings support the well-known assumptions about the key role played by agroforestry systems for climate change adaptation and mitigation, especially in developing countries.

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Severe hailstorms near Southern Andes in the presence of mountain waves

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

Climatology of hail in Argentina

Climatology of hail in Argentina

Analysis of Possible Triggering Mechanisms of Severe Thunderstorms in the Tropical Central Andes of Peru, Mantaro Valley

Mountain Farming Systems’ Exposure and Sensitivity to Climate Change and Variability: Agroforestry and Conventional Agriculture Systems Compared in Ecuador’s Indigenous Territory of Kayambi People

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